The Spectrochemical Analysis of Copper Base Alloys Using a Photoelectric SpectrometerHerlihy, J. T.; Deffenbaugh, Gene J.
doi: 10.1366/000370262774416371pmid: N/A
A technique is presented that allows for the determination of Sn, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Fe in copper base alloys. A spectrochemical solution procedure is described using a rotating disk technique with a 15 m Production Control Quantometer. The precision achieved is 0 5–15% of amount present for Sn (1.0–11.5%), Pb (0.05–8.0%), Zn (0 10–6.0%), Ni (0.05–1 0%), and 47% of amount present for Fe (0.01–0 50%).
An Appearance Potential RecorderCaldecourt, V. J.
doi: 10.1366/000370262774416326pmid: N/A
A circuit has been developed that records the electron accelerating potential required to generate a barely detectable ion current at each mass in a mass spectrum. The level of electron accelerating potential attained for each ion peak approaches the true appearance potential for the instrument when the ion peak is one which would be large with 70 v electrons The device is useful to select operating conditions for analyses at low electron accelerating potentials.
The Determination of Lead, Copper and Zinc in Wines by Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyZeeman, P. B.; Butler, L. R. P.
doi: 10.1366/000370262774416344pmid: N/A
Methods are described for the determination of Pb, Cu, and Zn in wine products. A lead lamp with demountable cathode is described as well as a new type of burner with an eight in absorbing path and a slotted top. The temperature and height of the flame could be adjusted by means of an extra air current fed into the burner through the ordinary acetylene nozzle of a Zeiss atomizer. Heated air was used to atomize the solutions, and the efficiency of the burner was approximately 22%. Concentrated H2SO4 was used to dehydrate the samples before ashing at 500°C Recovery tests for lead were carried out at various temperatures The results for lead are compared for a number of samples with those obtained by chemical analyses. Similar work is described for Cu and Zn. The coefficient of variation for Pb, Cu, and Zn was respectively 3.7%, 4.23%, and 4.11%. The results for Cu and Zn for a large number of wine samples are given.
Turbidity Effect in Spectrum Line PhotometryArrak, Arno
doi: 10.1366/000370262774416317pmid: N/A
Owing to the turbidity of the undeveloped emulsion, the characteristic curve (the H and D curve) of an emulsion has a different slope when densities from the negative image of a point or line source instead of densities from the negative image of an extended source are used to construct it. As a result, line and background intensities are not additive in their effect upon the emulsion, and background corrections based upon the assumption that line and background densities may be referred to a common characteristic curve lead to erroneous results. The effect was discovered experimentally by Slavin, and independently, by Shipitsyn The magnitude of the effect is dependent upon emulsion parameters and wavelength. Its direct observation may be influenced by the presence of the Eberhard effect which tends to change the relative slopes of point and extended image characteristic curves m a direction opposite to that of the turbidity effect
Effect of Slit Width on Background Correction in Photographic PhotometrySlavin, Morris
doi: 10.1366/000370262774416335pmid: N/A
Slope of the characteristic curve drawn from measurements of a narrow-lined spectrum is less than that of a curve drawn from broad lines or from continua This is due to. 1) the lateral diffusion of lines within the emulsion, 2) narrow lines being subject to Schwarzschild-Villiger Effect in the densitometer, which particularly tends to change the shape of the toe. (This effect is minimized in dense lines due to diffusion), and 3) the spreading of dense lines, which causes errors in reading background if the area read is too close to the line. Each of the three effects lowers the line-to-background ratio.
Spectrographic Analysis of Gold Alloys Used in Semiconductor DevicesHyman, H. M.
doi: 10.1366/000370262774416353pmid: N/A
A quantitative spectrographic method has been developed for the determination of the following alloying constituents in gold within the concentration range 0.1 to 2.0%: Al, Sb, As, B, Ga, Ge, In, and Sn The method utilizes a rotating-disc solution technique with internal standard control and ac spark excitation The minimum sample requirement for a single exposure is 2.5 mg of gold alloy in a 0 25 ml solution volume Extension of the method to include higher or lower concentration levels or other elements of interest is feasible in most cases. The accuracy of the method ranges from 5 8 to 10.7% at the 95% confidence level.
Determination of Lead in Leaded Steels by X-Ray SpectroscopyKilday, Betty Ann; Michaelis, Robert E.
doi: 10.1366/000370262774416281pmid: N/A
The determination of lead in leaded steel by x-ray spectroscopy is highly dependent on proper surface preparation because of the tendency toward smearing or removal of the lead. A metallographic preparation technique using diamond dust as the abrasive is shown to provide reproducible and accurate results even with appreciable changes in the particle size of the lead. This work is part of a cooperative program with the United States Steel Corporation in the preparation of a leaded-steel spectrochemical standard. Although certain inhomogeneities, both linear and radial, were observed by x-ray spectroscopy in the rods tested, suitable material has been selected for use as the National Bureau of Standards spectroscopic standard