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doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1976.tb02001.xpmid: N/A
This article presents some impressions gained after two years of involvement in a competency‐based training program in the pupil personnel services area, and it raises questions concerning the major features of such programs. The article includes discussion of program goals, the instructional process, assessment of student progress, and student attitudes. The danger of competency‐based training becoming another fad in education is considered, and possible causes of this are noted.
SPICE, CHARLES G.; SPICE, WILMA H.
doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1976.tb02002.xpmid: N/A
The article describes a triadic method of supervision that can be adapted to several settings, including the training of students in both counseling and supervision, as well as mutual peer supervision in employment settings. The triadic method reduces the complexities of the supervision process to teachable elements. As students learn to function alternately in the three roles of supervisor, commentator, and facilitator, they refine their skills in the four following basic processes of supervision: (a) the presentation of their counseling work, (b) the art of critical commentary, (c) the engagement in meaningful dialogue, and (d) the deepening of the here‐and‐now process inherent in supervision.
WEDEKING, DAVID F.; SCOTT, THOMAS B.
doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1976.tb02003.xpmid: N/A
The goal of this study was to identify relationships among the counseling behaviors of practicum trainees and the supervision behaviors of their supervisors during a one‐semester counseling practicum. Trained judges rated the following variables from audiotapes: trainee and supervisor empathy, various trainee and supervisor verbal behavior patterns, and five trainee competencies. Comparisons were made between performances at the beginning and end of the term. Trainees improved on two of five competencies but did not improve on empathy, nor did their verbal behavior patterns change. Empathy levels of the supervisors had no apparent effect on the trainees.
SHOEMAKER, JAMES T.; SPLITTER, JACKIE L.
doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1976.tb02004.xpmid: N/A
The state of Washington has recently begun several state‐wide competency‐based certification programs. These programs are being used to evaluate school counselors at three levels of functioning. Examples of the program used by the Southeastern Washington Counselor Consortium to certify counselors at the beginning level are presented. Required competencies, activities that help the counselor achieve proficiency in these competencies, and individual evaluation procedures are included in the program. The purpose of this competency‐based program and an evaluation of counselors, programs, problems, and issues are presented.
GRANUM, RICHARD A.; ERICKSON, RICHARD L.
doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1976.tb02005.xpmid: N/A
This study investigated the ability of a learning module to influence counselors' decisions about confidential information. The module was a self‐paced, programmed text written in prose style consisting of behavioral objectives, readings, paper‐and‐pencil tasks, field activities, and feedback. The study, involving 82 students, used a Solomon‐type design of five groups in controlling for the effect of pretesting when the module was used under two conditions: independent study and study in dyads. Analysis of change scores using nonparametric statistics indicated that, when compared with a control group, module users studying alone and in pairs showed significant changes in decisions they made about confidential information.
HORAN, JOHN J.; STONE, CHRISTOPHER I.; HEROLD, PATRICIA L.
doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1976.tb02006.xpmid: N/A
This article reports on the development and evaluation of an instructional module for teaching systematic desensitization. As the module makes use of widely available published materials, it requires little classroom time or work for the instructor. Furthermore, the module gives the student an evaluated quasiclinical experience with desensitization. Physiological and self‐report data reflecting changes in client fear levels were gathered in an attempt to determine whether the instructional module is effective.
doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1976.tb02007.xpmid: N/A
This article presents a broad view of our current understanding of the influences of physical health on counseling interaction. Although research studies relating physiology and assessments of physical functioning to the helping process appear to be limited in number and scattered among related disciplines, it is hoped that counselor educators and supervisors, by opening their own awareness to the exciting work being done in the related helping fields, can begin to encourage counselors' productive inquiry into the new technologies for assessing the physiological dimensions of helping.
REDFERING, DAVID L.; BIASCO, FRANK
doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6978.1976.tb02008.xpmid: N/A
This study compared actual with ideal procedures in the selection and elimination of candidates in counselor education programs. A two‐factor analysis for each category (selection and elimination) resulted in some significant differences (p< .001) between the actual and ideal procedures in both selection and elimination. The criteria for actual and ideal procedures in the selection and elimination of candidates were also treated by t tests, with highly significant differences (p<.075 to p<.0005) found on some of the criteria.
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