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doi: 10.2527/jas1940.1940111xpmid: N/A
With this annual meeting, the Society has completed the thirty-third year of its existence. One generation of time has passed since a small group of workers in our field gathered to start the organisation under the name of The American Society of Animal Nutrition. They elected that distinguished scientist, W. P. Armsby, as president. Thus the leadership of the livestock production industry as represented by the members of this organization in the Land Grant Colleges and Federal agencies was along scientific lines as attested by the reelection of the first president for three successive terms.It is often said that it requires one generation for a new science to find itself; and its work in the second generation largely determines its proper niche in the scheme of things. This is also true of organizations many of which do not last for one generation, and others do so only to pass into oblivion during the second generation.The outlook is auspicious for the American Society of Animal Production to really find itself in the second generation and proceed to a permanent place of greater and greater importance.
doi: 10.2527/jas1940.1940116xpmid: N/A
Science has been defined as “ordered knowledge of natural phenomena and of the relations between them”. Since Animal Husbandry deals with natural things and processes, it appears as a part of science. In a world where it has wrought such vital and widespread changes, during the past century, it seems almost needless to discuss the place of science in basic training of an educated man. A statement of educational objectives and a review of some of the problems involved may, however, serve to encourage self examination and reflection.A discussion of training in any field implies the use of that training and the technician's usefulness and his capacity to fully utilize his skill and knowledge are often limited by lack of background or collateral information. It seems logical that the man who is to make the most effective use of training in Animal Husbandry must have a broad background from which to view his own problems and those of the world at large and sufficient information to recognize the basic questions and to help in their solution.
doi: 10.2527/jas1940.1940121xpmid: N/A
The subject of undergraduate instruction in Animal Husbandry is a broad one and must be approached from several angles. First consideration should be given to the youth whom we are instructing and the place which he hopes to fill after completing his college course.Undoubtedly, the group who will return to the farm and make livestock production its life work is our most important one. Others needing the same background of training are: the prospective teacher of vocational agriculture, the extension worker and the research worker in the fields of genetics and nutrition.Other groups who must be considered in undergraduate instruction are:1. Students interested in obtaining commercial positions in the field of farm management, meats, or livestock marketing. 2. Students primarily interested in commercial seed production or horticulture who will be dependent upon livestock as a means of maintaining soil fertility and the utilization of by-products. 3. Students seeking a general education for personal improvement but without a definite aim in life.
doi: 10.2527/jas1940.1940126xpmid: N/A
You have invited me to talk to you on trends in graduate instruction. Knowing no more than I do about the subject I should have declined, but being weak like most human beings I stammered around and finally said yes. Since I am a stranger to most of you I hope you will pardon me if I take the liberty of introducing myself. Dr. Hart in trying to be kind to me didn't tell you the truth, at least not the whole truth. Neither shall I for reasons not to be mentioned, tell the whole truth. Ordinarily I should say that a speaker should forget himself, but in this instance there may be good reasons for departing from well-established practice. While I do not remember the occasion I have been told that I arrived without bag or baggage in this somewhat mysterious world of ours one cold day in February many years ago. A knowledge of biology tells me that my beginnings was in the union of two germ cells, one of maternal, the other of paternal origin.
doi: 10.2527/jas1940.1940133xpmid: N/A
That the regular organized classroom activities fail to satisfy completely the needs and desires of the average University student is evidenced by the many and varied professional clubs and organizations found on our various campuses. The objects of these clubs are usually (a), to obtain additional information through speakers, association and discussion with students who are interested in a particular field or (b), to offer students an opportunity to try out their abilities by attempting to put into practice some of the things which they have been taught in the classroom. Agricultural students are no different from the average of the university. Generally, wherever there is an agricultural department, there exists on that campus either an agricultural club or else student departmental clubs within the college of agriculture. This paper is particularly concerned with student animal husbandry clubs or other student organizations catering to the desires of the animal husbandry student.Of the forty-nine agricultural colleges in the United States, twelve have agricultural clubs but do not have separate animal husbandry clubs; thirty-four have separate animal husbandry clubs, and apparently three have neither agricultural nor animal husbandry clubs.
doi: 10.2527/jas1940.1940137xpmid: N/A
The program outlined for today's meeting implies to an outsider, that the membership of this Society, composed of workers in one of the most important fields of agricultural education, and concerned with the problems of one of the largest segments of the Nation's agriculture, is attempting to take stock of its collective efforts. It appears to be willing to challenge its procedures, to appraise its methods and techniques, and to direct its thinking toward the discovery, if possible, of ways and means of improving its educational service for the advancement of the welfare of the livestock industry. This denotes a healthy state of affairs in this sector of the agricultural education front and this Society is to be commended for its efforts in this direction.It is perhaps axiomatic that a scientific society such as this should regard the educational process as an effective means for the permanent advancement of human welfare. Nevertheless, it is appropriate in times like the present, when so many among us, and whole nations eleswhere, have turned to other means for the advancement of their position, that we of America renew our faith in education, as a means of advancing our individual welfare and of preserving our way of life.
doi: 10.2527/jas1940.1940147xpmid: N/A
Pasture grass that is young, tender and abundant is more nearly a perfect ration for dairy cattle than any other one material. It is so palatable that cattle grazing such grass will eat very little of any other feed. If grown on a soil that is amply supplied with minerals there is likely to be no deficiency in the grass of any nutritive substance essential for health or reproduction or for moderate to high production of milk, with the exception of common salt and vitamin D, and this latter is of no practical importance because the cattle while grazing are exposed to sunshine. So far as quality of nutrients is concerned it would be difficult, if not impossible, to improve upon good pasture herbage.Let us see if it is adequate so far as quantity of nutrients that will be consumed is concerned. Graves and co-workers at Huntley, Montana, fed Holstein cows on clipped immature pasture herbage.
doi: 10.2527/jas1940.1940155xpmid: N/A
The more obvious aspects of grass silage are intended to be treated very briefly in the following discussion of the subject, but rather emphasis is to be put upon those features which are recognized as problems, or about which there is some uncertainty in view of conflicting results. A number of the following statements on grass silage may need to be revised in the light of newer knowledge.The name “grass silage”. A number of writers prefer the terms “legume and grass silage” or “hay-crop silage” to the term “grass silage” because the latter term seems incorrectly applied to silages made from soybeans, alfalfa, or other legumes, and from cereals like oats that ordinarily are not referred to as grass. However, the trend during recent years has been to ignore the strict botanical classification of those crops and to use the general term, “grass” silage.Why grass silage? The primary reason for grass silage is that during rainy weather, ensiling frequently saves a hay crop.
doi: 10.2527/jas1940.1940163xpmid: N/A
The fundamental research on the physiology of growth of the mammary gland and the endocrine control of milk secretion during the past few years has brought to light the broad problems which are involved before practical use may be made of the knowledge in this field. From the knowledge now available it is possible to grow the mammary duct system of laboratory animals comparable to that observed in unbred females, to complete the growth of the gland which takes place during pregnancy and finally to initiate the lactation process which normally follows parturition. It is believed that there will be a number of practical ways by which advantage can be taken of this endocrine research. For example, a considerable number of dairy cows are culled from our herds because they fail to breed. Many such animals might have a long productive life ahead of them if their milk secreting function could again be stimulated and maintained.
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