doi: 10.1038/527s217apmid: 26605761
Successfully treating the cancer requires overcoming the almost inevitable development of resistance to standard platinum-based therapy.
doi: 10.1038/527417apmid: 26607518
Long-awaited decision by US government authorizes the first genetically engineered animal to be sold as food.
doi: 10.1038/527411apmid: 26607506
Success at the latest climate talks will be a recognition by the world’s nations that incremental change will not do the job, says Johan Rockström.
doi: 10.1038/527422apmid: 26607523
NIH to fund a cache of brain tissue and online data in place of live-animal experimentation.
Inra, Christopher N.; Zhou, Bo O.; Acar, Melih; Murphy, Malea M.; Richardson, James; Zhao, Zhiyu; Morrison, Sean J.
doi: 10.1038/nature15530pmid: 26570997
Haematopoietic stresses mobilize haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from the bone marrow to the spleen and induce extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH). However, the cellular nature of the EMH niche is unknown. Here we assessed the sources of the key niche factors, SCF (also known as KITL) and CXCL12, in the mouse spleen after EMH induction by myeloablation, blood loss, or pregnancy. In each case, Scf was expressed by endothelial cells and Tcf21 + stromal cells, primarily around sinusoids in the red pulp, while Cxcl12 was expressed by a subset of Tcf21 + stromal cells. EMH induction markedly expanded the Scf-expressing endothelial cells and stromal cells by inducing proliferation. Most splenic HSCs were adjacent to Tcf21 + stromal cells in red pulp. Conditional deletion of Scf from spleen endothelial cells, or of Scf or Cxcl12 from Tcf21+ stromal cells, severely reduced spleen EMH and reduced blood cell counts without affecting bone marrow haematopoiesis. Endothelial cells and Tcf21 + stromal cells thus create a perisinusoidal EMH niche in the spleen, which is necessary for the physiological response to diverse haematopoietic stresses.
doi: 10.1038/527453apmid: 26607539
West Africa's Ebola epidemic continues to reveal surprises. Although the animal species that originally passed the virus to people remains a mystery, a virus reservoir and persistent disease have been identified in some human survivors.
Errico, Claudia; Pierre, Juliette; Pezet, Sophie; Desailly, Yann; Lenkei, Zsolt; Couture, Olivier; Tanter, Mickael
doi: 10.1038/nature16066pmid: 26607546
Conventional clinical ultrasound imaging has, at best, sub-millimetre-scale resolution, but now a new ultrasound technique is demonstrated that is based on fast tracking of transient signals from a sub-wavelength contrast agent and has sufficiently high resolution to map the microvasculature deep into organs.
Victor, David G.; Leape, James P.
doi: 10.1038/527439apmid: 26607527
The real business of decarbonization begins after an agreement is signed at the Paris climate conference, argue David G. Victor and James P. Leape.
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