journal article
LitStream Collection
Home
van Dam, Ina; Wijn, Pieter; de Boo, Theo; Hopman, Jeroen; van Oort, Anton; Fast, Jules; Heringa, Anco; van der Werf, Tjeerd; Daniëls, Otto
doi: 10.1002/jcu.1870160603pmid: 3152256
The effects of aging on cardiac blood flow velocities are important as a description of the natural history of the aging process and as a reference for evaluation of the aging cardiovascular system. We therefore studied these effects in 215 healthy volunteers, 120 males and 95 females, between 1 and 65 years old. Pulsed Doppler signals were recorded proximal and distal to the mitral (M) and tricuspid (T) valves, in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), in the ascending aorta (AAO), in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), and in the pulmonary artery (PA). Systolic (S) flow velocity patterns consist mainly of one peak. Diastolic blood flow velocity is characterized by two peaks: one due to early filling (E) of the ventricle and a second as a result of atrial contraction (A). All peaks are characterized by the maximum of the median velocity curve (Vmax). With age increasing from 1 to 65 years, VmaxS decreases in the AAO (40%)and PA (10%), VmaxE decreases on both sides of the M valve (proximal—50%; distal—30%), and the T valve (proximal—20%; distal—30%). However, with increasing age VmaxS increases in the LVOT (25%), and VmaxA increases on both sides of the M valve (proximal—20%; distal—50%) and proximal to the T valve (30%). VmaxS in the RVOT and VmaxA distal to the T valve did not show a relation with age. These observations demonstrate that in a normal population Vmax in the heart and great vessels is age dependent at most sites. However, a positive or negative relationship can be found, depending on the measuring site and heart cycle phase. This behavior of Vmax must be taken into account in interpreting cardiac Doppler data for diagnostic purposes.
Podobnik, Mario; Bulié, Milan; Smiljanicé, Nikola; Bistrički, Josip
doi: 10.1002/jcu.1870160604pmid: 3152257
In 80 pregnancies with clinical and ultrasonic signs of cervical incompetency, the length of the cervix and the thickness of the anterior wall of a lower uterine segment have been evaluated ultrasonically. We have also measured the width of the endocervical canal and studied the prolapse of fetal membranes (with fetal parts) into the endocervical canal. We evaluated these same parameters in 80 healthy pregnancies. The length of the cervix, the thickness of the anterior wall of a lower uterine segment, and the width of the endocervical canal were followed longitudinally in the patients from the 10th to the 36th gestation week. No statistically significant differences between age groups were found. In four age groups at risk for cervical incompetency, cervical lengths and wall thickness were significantly different (p < 0.001) from those in comparable controls. Forty‐five percent of the patients in the atrisk group, with cervical cerclage, delivered at 37.3 (range: 32 to 41) weeks and 6.25% of pregnancies ended in abortion when the amniotic membrane herniated into the cervical canal, with or without some part of the fetus.
Lee, Chuan‐Mo; Chang‐Chien, Chi‐Sin; Lin, Deng‐Yn; Yang, Chaur‐Young; Sheen, I‐Shyan; Chen, Wen‐Jen
doi: 10.1002/jcu.1870160605pmid: 3152258
The real‐time ultrasonograms of 15 patients with pancreatic pseudocysts (10 infected and 5 noninfected) were analyzed to evaluate difference in ultrasound characteristics between the infected and noninfected pseudocysts. Only those who underwent ultrasound‐guided aspiration or operation within one week after sonography were reviewed according to the size, multiplicity, air content, internal echoes, and wall characteristics (such as thickness, regularity, and calcification) of pseudocysts. Among these ultrasonographic features of pseudocysts, there was no statistically significant difference between the infected and noninfected pseudocysts in cyst size, wall characteristics (thickness, regularity, and calcification), multiplicity, and air content. The most important and unique feature was the internal echoes within the pseudocyst. The internal echoes were classified into three grades. All the infected pseudocysts and one noninfected pseudocyst had internal echoes of grade 2 or higher, while the most noninfected pseudocysts had internal echoes of grade 1. The difference is statistically significant (p = 0.0037). These results indicate that grading internal echogenicity of the pseudocysts with real‐time ultrasonographies can add additional information important in differentiating infected from noninfected pseudocysts.
Gabbe, Steven G; Mintz, Marshall C; Mennuti, Michael T; McDonnell Rn, Ann E
doi: 10.1002/jcu.1870160606pmid: 3152259
This study was undertaken to evaluate the association of medial displacement of the frontal bones of the fetal calvarium, the lemon sign, with open spina bifida (OSB) and to assess other pathologic findings associated with this change. During the past 8 years, 8 cases of OSB were seen in our institution. The lemon sign was retrospectively identified in 6/6 cases of OSB scanned before 22 weeks gestation, while it was not seen in 3/3 cases examined after 26 weeks. One case was evaluated with serial studies before and after 22 weeks. Scalloping of the frontal bones was associated with a wide variety of pathological findings. This sign may prove to be an important marker for OSB.
doi: 10.1002/jcu.1870160607pmid: 3152260
Flow velocity waveforms (FVW) in the descending part of the human fetal aorta were monitored in 35 cases of severe intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) showing pathological intrauterine circulation (end‐diastolic block). In 5 of the 35 fetuses, reversed aortic flow was observable during diastole and the simultaneously recorded CTG findings were pathological. All 5 fetuses having this circulatory sign died in utero within the next day. Controls were 260 healthy fetuses with normal growth curves; no end‐diastolic block or reverse flow was found in this group. Diastolic reverse flow in the fetal descending aorta appears to reflect severely altered circulation preceding imminent fetal death.
Calkins, Alison R; Jackson, Valerie P; Morphis, James G; Stehman, Frederick B
doi: 10.1002/jcu.1870160608pmid: 3152261
A dedicated supine breast ultrasound scanner was used to perform 48 bilateral breast sonograms on 21 patients who had undergone segmental resection and radiation therapy for breast cancer. Skin thickening was seen in 13 of 21 patients (62%). There was an increased echogenicity of the fat in 13 patients (62%) and poor definition of Cooper's ligaments in nine patients (43%). Fifteen patients (71%) had decreased compressibility and 8 (38%)had decreased penetration of the sound beam into the breast. The radiation changes were seen as early as one month after the completion of radiotherapy and improved by one year in the majority of patients studied with sequential sonograms.
Dunne, Morgan G; Dunne, Sean B
doi: 10.1002/jcu.1870160609pmid: 3152262
This paper describes the use of a commercially available inexpensive portable laptop microcomputer and a simple user‐friendly software package that allows rapid, portable obstetrical ultrasound calculation in the reading room, delivery suite, office setting, or over the telephone. The program is written in BASIC and may be modified by the user. The programming philosophy is described and a variety of BASIC subroutines and formulae useful to the obstetrical sonologist are listed. All fetal parameter formulae are referenced.
Levy, Howard M; Dobkin, Gary R; Doubilet, Peter M
doi: 10.1002/jcu.1870160610pmid: 3152263
Ultrasound has been shown to be an excellent modality in the evaluation of the jaundiced patient, proving extremely valuable in differentiating surgical (obstructive) from medical jaundice based on the presence or absence of ductal dilatation.1 The sonographic finding of intrahepatic dilatation has been termed the “double barrel,”2 “shotgun,”3, or “parallel channel”4 sign. This refers to visualization of dilated intrahepatic bile ducts with the normally visualized portal venous radicles. Subsequent to its initial description, this sign has also been observed in patients with increased hepatic arterial flow.5,6 In these patients, one of the components of the parallel channel sign represents the prominent intrahepatic artery. In the following case report, we demonstrate the use of pulsed Doppler to help make this distinction.
Showing 1 to 10 of 17 Articles