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doi: 10.1177/0192513X10368268pmid: N/A
Previous models of parental educational investments focus on the composition of the sibship (number, gender, ordering, and spacing) and on the social and institutional context in which investment decisions are made. Social— institutional models predict that parents in Japan are likely to underinvest in girls because of their transient status in the family of origin and their limited earnings potential. This article contributes an understanding of the family contexts under which this model of investment does and does not apply. Through an analysis of 45 in-depth interviews conducted by the author, a family culture of investment model is developed that identifies parental gender beliefs and valuation of education as key factors shaping parental investments in prewar cohort groups. The findings from this research have implications for our understanding of international variation in the gender equity of educational attainment.
doi: 10.1177/0192513X10368269pmid: N/A
This study tested the hypothesized pathways from parents’ marital quality to Korean adolescents’ school adjustment through the perception of self and parent—child relations. Based on previous literature and two major family theories, the authors hypothesized a path model to explain the process of how parents’ marital quality influenced school adjustment through child’s self-esteem and parent—child communication. The path model analysis was used with 578 Korean adolescent students in academic high schools. The results showed that Korean youth were likely to better adjust to a school setting as they perceived that their parents had a good marital relationship. The interparental relationship directly affected school adjustment but not psychological adjustment of self-esteem. Additionally, the marital quality of parents had an indirect effect on Korean youth’s school adjustment in the mediation process of parent—child communication. Academic and practical implications are also discussed, followed by limitations and future directions.
doi: 10.1177/0192513X10365302pmid: N/A
Having a child is a major determinant of geographic mobility. Little is known, however, about the opposite process—whether geographic mobility is a determinant of fertility. Drawing on social and human capital theories and research on fertility and migration to develop competing hypotheses, the author examines the effects of mobility on changes in birth intentions among married couples. The data are from a U.S. national sample of married couples interviewed five times between 1980 and 1997, with a final sample size of 3,953 person records. Results from multinomial logistic regression equations that control for clustering show conclusively that both short- and long-distance moves increase the odds that couples change their birth intentions, although in both positive and negative directions (i.e., bidirectional). These effects of mobility vary across different levels of human and social capital, with a trend indicating that couples desire children at higher levels of both forms of capital.
Wolfinger, Nicholas H.; Goulden, Marc; Mason, Mary Ann
doi: 10.1177/0192513X10374939pmid: N/A
The authors use data from the 2000 Census Public Use Microdata Sample to examine the likelihood of a birth event, defined as the household presence of a child younger than 2 years, for male and female professionals. Physicians have the highest rate of birth events, followed in order by attorneys and academics. Within each profession men have more birth events than women. For men, occupational variation in birth events can be explained by marital status, income, and spousal employment. These factors only partially account for occupational differences in birth events for women.
doi: 10.1177/0192513X10371610pmid: N/A
This study examines earnings losses associated with motherhood using longitudinal administrative Canadian data. Contrary to the endogenous motherhood hypothesis, the author found no dips in earnings for women during their prechildbirth years. Although the results show that earnings losses incurred by mothers in the year of childbirth and the year thereafter were substantial, it was found that these earnings losses declined over the postchildbirth years, and for mothers who returned to their prechildbirth employers, the earnings recovery process was rapid, indicating that firm-specific human capital might play an important role.
Ide, Naoko; Wyder, Marianne; Kolves, Kairi; De Leo, Diego
doi: 10.1177/0192513X10365317pmid: N/A
Examining how different phases of relationship separation effects the development of suicidal behaviors has been largely ignored in suicide studies. The few studies conducted suggest that individuals experiencing the acute phase of marital/de facto separation may be at greater risk of suicide compared with those experiencing long-term separation (divorce). To clarify the effects of these factors on detection and prevention of suicidal behaviors, a critical review of the English-language literature on this topic from 1966 to 2008 was undertaken. No studies reliably indicate the impacts of acute separation versus long-term divorce on suicidality. Moreover, research has not specifically addressed the interaction between the psychosocial factors influencing suicidal behaviors in the context of a marital/de facto separation. Considering the large proportion of suicides that occur in the context of marital/de facto separation, our limited understanding of the factors involved in the development of these suicidal behaviors is of concern.
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