journal article
LitStream Collection
Home
doi: 10.1002/j.2164-4918.1980.tb00448.xpmid: N/A
Self‐Help in the Human Services; Alan Gartner and Frank Riessman
KOHLBERG, LAWRENCE; WASSERMAN, ELSA R.
doi: 10.1002/j.2164-4918.1980.tb00450.xpmid: N/A
At the present time, psychologists who describe the stages of human growth concur on the importance of cognitive elements, although they also recognize the affective and social components of development. Kohlberg's thinking was influenced by the work of Dewey and Piaget, and has been confirmed by his longitudinal study of 50 Chicago boys and by numerous other researches throughout the world. In his conception, discussions of moral problems (dilemmas) are the basis for moral growth. Through them the less mature become aware of the perspectives of those who have reached a higher level of moral judgment. These ideas and practices have been applied with young people in The Cluster School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where the ideas of justice for all and fairness have become the real themes of the school. The authors' challenge to counselors as consultants and facilitators is one of becoming deliberately involved in the value and moral growth of students.
GLASER, BARBARA; KIRSCHENBAUM, HOWARD
doi: 10.1002/j.2164-4918.1980.tb00452.xpmid: N/A
Values clarification began as a counseling tool. Raths's famous seven questions about values have their origin in Socratic questioning and also owe a debt to Emerson and Dewey. Numerous strategies have been developed for the learning of values awareness. Counselors have found the clarifying question helpful in individual counseling, and they discovered clarifying strategies useful in individual and group counseling. Furthermore, values clarification has been used successfully to personalize instruction. Finally, the counselor can take advantage of values clarification for personal and professional growth. The question of research in values clarification is addressed.
ROKEACH, MILTON; REGAN, JOHN F.
doi: 10.1002/j.2164-4918.1980.tb00454.xpmid: N/A
A client's problem can be conceptualized as a values problem. Yet there is still much confusion surrounding the concept of values, and closely related issues have not been adequately defined or researched. This article reviews various meanings of values and the authors' preferred distinction between terminal and instrumental values. A case illustration describes the usefulness of the Rokeach Value Survey and of the “method of self‐confrontation” in value therapy. Research on the Value Survey and the method are summarized, with suggestions for their use with different types of clients and in different settings.
doi: 10.1002/j.2164-4918.1980.tb00456.xpmid: N/A
A world view expresses the presuppositions a person makes about his or her world. These basic presuppositions center on the nature of ultimate reality, of the universe, of mankind, the meaning of death, the basis of ethics, and the meaning of human history. The four perspectives of theism, deism, agnosticism, and atheism summarize views regarding these six issues. Then the influence of each of the four perspectives on certain counseling issues that are seen as the warp and woof of a counselor's value system are analyzed. These special counseling issues are the counselor‐client relationship, motives for counseling, counseling goals, the method of dealing with special problems, and the choice of counseling strategies. One implication of this analysis is that counselors‐in‐training should study all the perspectives and also formulate for themselves a personal counseling approach that reflects thinking on both the six world issues and the special counseling issues. The second implication of the analysis is that the authentic counselor can work with others in a climate of respect for world views that differ from his or hers. The counselor does not threaten their beliefs—even when helping them to explore, clarify, and develop personal values.
Showing 1 to 10 of 27 Articles