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doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000871pmid: N/A
This research evaluated evidence of structural and convergent validity, and measurement invariance across gender, time, and two countries (Serbia and the US) of the Youth Externalizing Problems Screener (YEPS). In Study 1 (N = 727 Serbian adolescents; 58.3% female; Mage = 16.95), we found support for the modified single-factor model of the YEPS, which demonstrated full scalar invariance across gender. The convergent validity evidence of the YEPS scores was provided by meaningful correlations with measures of life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. In Study 2 (N = 298 Serbian adolescents; 61.1% female; Mage = 16.42), we replicated the results on the YEPS factor structure and provided further evidence on convergent validity in relation to internalizing problems, prosocial behavioral intentions, maladaptive personality traits, and bullying perpetration and victimization. In Study 3 and Study 4, the YEPS showed evidence of partial scalar invariance across two countries (n = 711 in Serbia, n = 670 in the US) and full scalar invariance across time (N = 593 Serbian adolescents), respectively. Our results suggest that the YEPS is a psychometrically sound measure of generalized externalizing problems among adolescents. However, caution is needed when comparing mean level differences in YEPS scores across countries.
Reis, Janaína Lessmann; O’Tuathaigh, Colm; Romano, Thatiana Pires; Montagna, Erik; Zaia, Victor
doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000872pmid: N/A
The “Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire” (NARQ) assesses narcissism’s admiration and rivalry dimensions. This study aimed at the translation, semantic adaptation, and psychometric validation of the NARQ into Brazilian Portuguese and to check gender invariance. All 789 participants were a convenience sample recruited online from Brazil. After the translation, semantic validation, and back translation, the final version and a socio-economic characterization questionnaire were sent to participants. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. The results confirmed the original model of the questionnaire (χ2 = 580.27, df = 126 (p < 0.001), RMSEA = 0.08 (CI 90% = 0.07–0.08), CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99 and χ2/df = 4.60). A configural, metric, and scalar invariance for gender was assessed revealing diverse levels of narcissism for this characteristic. Finally, our version of the NARQ showed adequate validity for this sample preserving the between-gender invariance.
Kuper, Niclas; Ernesti, Lea; Modersitzki, Nick; Phan, Le Vy; Rauthmann, John F.
doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000867pmid: N/A
The interplay between persons and situations is central to psychology, and there has been a recent increase in research on psychological situation characteristics. One key issue in situation research concerns the distinction between consensual situation perceptions and subjective situation construal. We examined for the first time whether different instructions can be used to shift the degree to which situation characteristic ratings reflect consensual (i.e., shared) versus subjective perceptions. N = 631 participants were randomly assigned to one of three instructions: standard (unspecified), personal (how participants personally perceive a situation), and consensual (how participants think most other people perceive a situation). Each participant rated 31 of 62 standardized situation stimuli (pictures of everyday life situations) on the DIAMONDS situation characteristics. Using Bayesian multilevel models, we found that (1) instructions did not affect inter-rater agreement, although residual variation was somewhat higher in the personal instruction; (2) averages of ratings did not differ across instructions; and (3) Big Five traits had significant but small effects on situation characteristic ratings, which did not differ across instructions. Our findings highlight that situation characteristic ratings behave very similarly across instructions, and we discuss conceptual and practical implications.
Hanfstingl, Barbara; Kazén, Miguel; Ritz, Gudula; Ahrenstorf, Sophie; Frischmann, Angelika; Kuhl, Julius
doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000876pmid: N/A
This research involves three studies refining and validating the Action Control Scale for Adolescents (ACS-t), measuring failure-related action control (AOF) and prospective action control (AOD). In Study 1, an initiative focused on developing a contemporary version of ACS-t, involving 24 items (12 for each scale) and validating it by interviews with teenagers aged 10–14. Results revealed satisfactory inner consistency (AOF: McDonald’s ω = .70; AOD: McDonald’s ω = .73). Study 2 explored the ACS-t’s applicability in understanding adolescents’ action control amidst crises. With data from 78 participants, inner consistency for AOF and AOD was again satisfying (McDonald’s ω = .76 for both scales). Multiple regression analyses unveiled significant links between AOF, AOD, and future anxiety, with gender differences playing a noteworthy role. Study 3, with a sample of 860 participants, assessed ACS-t’s psychometric properties. The scale exhibited good inner consistency (AOF: McDonald’s ω = .75; AOD: McDonald’s ω = .79). Converging validity was supported as AOF predicted self-relaxation and AOD predicted self-motivation. Exploring discriminant validity, AOD was more strongly related to achievement than AOF. The study provides valuable insights but highlights the need for ongoing refinement and diversification in future research to enhance ACS-t’s utility and applicability.
Krumm, Stefan; Thiel, Alyce M.; Reznik, Nomi; Freudenstein, Jan-Philipp; Schäpers, Philipp; Mussel, Patrick
doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000878pmid: N/A
The development of Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs) is a multi-step procedure that often requires substantial resources and time. ChatGPT as a large language model has already proven helpful for many complex tasks, including the development of psychological questionnaires. However, ChatGPT has so far not been tested for its ability to develop SJT items, which could speed up SJT development and thus contribute to the dissemination of psychometrically well-designed SJTs in practice and also support research requiring specific SJTs or SJT versions. Thus, the current study (N = 419) examined whether ChatGPT (2023, Feb 13 version using ChatGPT-3.5) can create SJT items, assessing a facet of personality (i.e., gregariousness), that show similar psychometric properties (examined through confirmatory factor, reliability, and correlational analyses) as human-created SJT items. Results revealed that the measurement model for all eleven SJT items that were created by ChatGPT showed a poor model fit, while a reduced set of eight items yielded an acceptable fit. Reliability estimates as well as convergent and discriminant validity evidence were similar for the human-created and the ChatGPT-created SJT. Implications as well as potential boundary conditions of SJT development through ChatGPT are discussed.
Greinert, Annika; Schöne, Claudia; Wilhelms, Maike; Stiensmeier-Pelster, Joachim
doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000875pmid: N/A
Mental Toughness (MT) empowers people – bringing about positive results in diverse critical situations. Nevertheless, research lacks systematic measurement instruments based on a clearly defined construct. This paper provides a context-independent, broad, and connectable understanding of MT and offers a matching assessment instrument in the form of the Mental Toughness Scales (MTS). In line with previous definitions and instruments, we identified five basic components of MT: the active control of (1.) dysfunctional cognitions, (2.) emotions, (3.) attention, (4.) motivation, and (5.) action decisions. Study 1 (N = 208) presents the development of the German version of the MTS. Results show that MT is best conceptualized as a hierarchical construct with five correlated factors. Tests of measurement invariance indicated no differences concerning age. Study 2 (N = 178) replicated these results and provided initial evidence of concurrent validity by showing high negative correlations between the MTS and neuroticism. Study 3 (N = 108) confirms the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the MTS. Results show expected correlations between MT and external criteria from the learning and performance context (e.g., stress, test anxiety). In all studies, the MTS shows adequate to excellent reliability. The discussion focuses on the applications of the MTS.
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