Current Psychology

Lin, Chih-Che

doi: 10.1007/s12144-020-01312-zpmid: N/A

This study investigated the relations between paternal and maternal parenting and gratitude during emerging adulthood and examined whether time perspective in late adolescence explained these links. The sample included 438 students (299 females) with an average age of 19.56 years. Participants completed questionnaires assessing their perceptions of paternal and maternal care and control, their perceptions of five time perspectives (i.e., past-positive, past-negative, present-hedonistic, present-fatalistic, and future), and dispositional gratitude. Participants who rated their fathers and mothers as more caring reported higher levels of gratitude, greater past-positive time perspective and weaker past-negative time perspective. Moreover, participants who rated their mothers as more caring also reported a greater future time perspective. Furthermore, participants who had greater past-positive and future time perspectives reported higher levels of gratitude. In contrast, participants who had a greater past-negative time perspective reported lower levels of gratitude. Finally, two time perspectives (i.e., past-positive and past-negative) partially mediated the relations of paternal and maternal care with gratitude in young adults. In addition, future time perspective also partially mediated the relations of maternal care with gratitude, and past-negative time perspective partially mediated the relations of maternal control with gratitude in late adolescence. The findings highlighted the unique relations of paternal care, maternal care and maternal control with individuals’ gratitude and indicated that three time perspectives (i.e., past-positive, past-negative, and future) may explain why parenting practices were linked with gratitude during emerging adulthood.

Jiang, Liming; Zhang, Sheng; Li, Xin; Luo, Fang

doi: 10.1007/s12144-020-01306-xpmid: N/A

The present study explored the mechanism of how students’ traits manifest their learning behaviors and academic performance. Participants were 3107 7th grade high school students from a large city in mainland China. A multilayer model was designed wherein grit was at the trait layer, and academic self-efficacy, as well as cognitive learning strategies, were at state and behavior layers. The direct and indirect effects were estimated using a multilevel mediation model with random intercepts and fixed slopes. The current study generated three main findings: First, students with a higher level of the perseverance of effort (one dimension of grit) use cognitive learning strategies more frequently, and the relations between the perseverance of effort and each strategy are slightly different. Second, academic self-efficacy act as a significant mediator in the relationship between perseverance of effort and cognitive learning strategy. Finally, different cognitive learning strategies showed unique or even contrast effects on academic performance, indicating the significance of separating different strategies when considering their relations with performance. Findings of the study could be applied as guidance to educators. Specifically, students’ academic performance is affected by personality traits, academic motivation, and learning behaviors. Therefore, in practice, developing students’ grit (especially perseverance of effort), helping them establish and enhance academic self-efficacy, and teaching them appropriate learning strategies can help with their academic achievement.

Bellur, Zümrüt; Alpay, Emre Han; Aydin, Arzu

doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-01408-0pmid: N/A

The study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS) in clinical and community samples. A total of 269 depression outpatients (71.7% females; Mage = 28.28, SDage = 9.11) and 305 participants from the general population (54.5% females; Mage = 43.11, SDage = 9.60) were recruited. Participants completed the FSCRS, The Levels of Self-Criticism (LOSC) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). A three-factor model of FSCRS (reassured-self, inadequate-self, and hated-self) showed the best-fitting measurement model in both samples. Measurement invariance of the test for clinical and non-clinical samples was also examined, and the findings support the measurement invariance of FSCRS scores across clinical and community sample. The dimensions of self-criticism had positive, and reassured-self had negative correlations with BDI and subscales of LOSC in both groups. Internal consistency was analyzed via Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for clinical and non-clinical sample were found to be .86 and .78 for inadequate-self, .85 and .74 for reassured-self, and .75 and .65 for hated-self respectively. Our results show that the FSCRS demonstrates good psychometric properties in clinical and non-clinical sample. The Turkish version of FSCRS can be used as a process and outcome scale for clinicians and researchers in clinical and non-clinical sample.

You, Zhiqi; Li, Xin; Ye, Na; Zhang, Lu

doi: 10.1007/s12144-020-01337-4pmid: N/A

It has been well documented that rumination has a negative effect on sleep quality. However, the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. This study investigated the negative effect of rumination on sleep quality mediated by negative affect and bedtime procrastination. In the current study, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Ruminative Responses Scale, Negative Experience Scale, and Bedtime Procrastination Scale were administered to a sample of 1103 college students recruited from an online survey platform, among whom 63% were female. Their age ranged from 17 to 31 with a mean of 20.17 (SD = 1.43). The results indicated that rumination had a significant positive effect on poor sleep quality mediated by negative affect (Effect = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.14) and bedtime procrastination (Effect = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.07) separately. Meanwhile, this effect could be serially mediated by the two mediators (Effect = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.06). These findings suggest that, to improve the sleep quality of college students with high levels of rumination, interventions could be targeted at developing their adaptive emotion regulation strategies and behavioral self-regulation skills.

Lazić, Milica; Jovanović, Veljko; Gavrilov-Jerković, Vesna

doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-01418-ypmid: N/A

The present study evaluated the assumptions of stress sensitization and stress immunization hypotheses about the role of perceived negative childhood experiences on adult adjustment. The study used a longitudinal design with three waves spaced six months apart. The final sample consisted of 293 undergraduate students aged 19 to 30 years. We examined the linear and nonlinear main and moderating effects of perceived negative childhood experiences in the relationship between recent stressful events and both ability to bounce back and subjective well-being. The results yielded nonlinear moderating effects of negative childhood experiences on life satisfaction and the ability to bounce back, whereas a main effect was found for negative affect. A significant drop in the ability to bounce back in the context of high recent life stress was found only among individuals with a very high level of negative childhood experiences. We also found that an increase in the number of negative life events leads to a decrease in life satisfaction among individuals with both low- and high-intensity levels of negative childhood experiences. The present study offers the possibility of integrating different models of additive and interactive effects of perceived negative childhood experiences in the relationship between recent stressors and psychological adjustment.

Lisnyj, Konrad T.; Pearl, David L.; McWhirter, Jennifer E.; Papadopoulos, Andrew

doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-01376-5pmid: N/A

This study measured the effect of various dimensions of social capital on the reporting of stress impacting the academic performance of Canadian undergraduate students. The American College Health Association collects information on undergraduate students’ habits, behaviors, and perceptions of various health topics through the National College Health Assessment-II (NCHA-II) survey. This cross-sectional study utilized the Spring 2019 NCHA-II survey data from 55,284 respondents across 58 Canadian post-secondary institutions. Of this, 31,091 undergraduate students (56.2%) reported being stressed within the past year and were included in our analysis. Nine factors were selected from the questionnaire based on their relevance to social capital in the literature, and an additional seven socio-demographic factors were controlled for in subsequent analyses. The associations between these predictor variables and stress impacting students’ academic performance were examined by fitting univariable and mixed-effects logistic regression models. Our study found having warm and trusting relationships with others, feeling a sense of belongingness, and feeling society is a good place for all individuals significantly decreased the odds of students reporting stress impacting their academic performance. Campuses that support student mental health, institutions that provide information regarding stress reduction, and feeling safe on campus also lowered the odds of students reporting stress adversely affecting their academics. These components of social capital should be targeted at higher education institutions to cultivate social capital, alleviate the implications of stress affecting academic success, and promote interpersonal resiliency skill-building among students.

Baiocco, Roberto; Scandurra, Cristiano; Rosati, Fausta; Pistella, Jessica; Ioverno, Salvatore; Bochicchio, Vincenzo; Wang, Hung-Che; Chang, Te-Sheng

doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-01387-2pmid: N/A

The present study, using a moderated mediational model, explored levels of distal/proximal stressors, rumination, resilience, and health in a group of Italian and Taiwanese LGB+ people. The study also examined the role of internalized sexual stigma (ISS) and rumination as mediators between discrimination and health, and resilience as a moderator of the relationship between discrimination and ISS, rumination, and health, respectively. An online survey was administered to 508 LGB+ participants (270 Italian and 238 Taiwanese) whose age ranged from 18 to 70 years (M = 37.93, SD = 13.53). The moderated mediation model was tested through a series of path analyses stratified by group nationality. Italian participants reported higher discrimination and resilience, but lower ISS, rumination, and health problems compared to their Taiwanese counterparts. The only common path between groups was the direct effect of discrimination on health problems. The mediating role of ISS and rumination in the relationship between discrimination and health, as well as the moderating role of resilience, were partly significant only for the Italian group. Conclusions: The findings suggest that mediators and moderators used to evaluate the effects of minority stress on health may differ between groups; further culturally sensitive research in the field of LGB+ health is needed.

Dou, Fen; Li, Qiaoling; Li, Xiaoan; Li, Qianfeng; Wang, Minghui

doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-01404-4pmid: N/A

Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) is a pervasive phenomenon among college students that may negatively affect the physical and mental health of individuals. Perceived social support, as one of the effective protective factors, can mitigate the harmful effects of FoMO, but few studies to date have examined the potential mechanisms underlying this relationship. The present study conducted an investigation involving 806 college students in China and used scales measuring perceived social support, basic psychological needs, perceived stress and FoMO to explore the relationship between perceived social support and FoMO. Findings indicated that 1) perceived social support was negatively associated with college students’ FoMO; 2) basic psychological needs partially mediated the relationship between perceived social support and FoMO; 3) the mediating role of basic psychological needs is moderated by perceived stress. Further, the study provides some theoretical and practical implications for the prevention of FoMO.

Li, Xiaoxiao; Dang, Jianning; Liu, Li; Liang, Yuan; Wei, Cong; Gu, Zibei

doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-01415-1pmid: N/A

It is a widespread belief that greed keeps corruption alive. We tried to testify this belief and further proposed that this pattern would fade under conditions of low descriptive corruption norms. Therefore, two studies were conducted to examine the effect of greed on corruption and the buffering role of descriptive corruption norms. In Study 1, we strengthened support for the causal effect of greed on corruption. In Study 2, we further illustrated that greed positively predicted corrupt intent when descriptive corruption norms were high; by contrast, the relationship disappeared when descriptive corruption norms were low. The present research refines the belief that greed leads to corruption absolutely, and suggests feasible ways to reduce the negative influence of greed on corruption.

Barcaccia, Barbara; Ioverno, Salvatore; Salvati, Marco; Medvedev, Oleg N.; Pallini, Susanna; Vecchio, Giovanni Maria

doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-01414-2pmid: N/A

The 18-item Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory (TRIM-18) is a three-dimensional measure of contextual forgiveness widely used in contexts of psychopathology. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the TRIM-18 in Italian adolescents.In study 1 and 2 we examined the internal validity of the scale using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in a sample of 724 students (females = 67.8%; Mage = 16.26, SD = 5.21), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), in an independent sample of 802 students (females = 51.1%; mean age = 15.95, SD = 1.49). In study 3 we examined the convergent, discriminant, criterion and construct validity in a sample of 274 students (females = 59.1%; Mage = 14.32, SD = 2.73) with measures of forgiveness, positive and negative affect and psychopathology symptoms.EFA confirmed the three original factors, Avoidance, Revenge, and Benevolence and CFA supported the three-factorial structure of the scale. The average variance extracted values of the three TRIM-18 factors in study three provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. The correlations between the TRIM-18 scales and the forgiveness measures ranged from strong to moderate, supporting its convergent validity. Similarly, the correlations with affect, and psychopathology measures in expected directions supported the construct validity of the TRIM-18 scales. Results showed strong composite reliability estimates in each sample for all three factors (>.84).The Italian adaptation of the TRIM-18 demonstrated good psychometric properties supporting its reliability and validity as a measure of three forgiveness facets including Avoidance, Revenge, and Benevolence, that are associated with psychopathology in adolescents.