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doi: 10.1007/BF03378633pmid: N/A
Summary and conclusions Basically, a description has been given of three processes, hydrostatic extrusion, fluid-to-fluid extrusion, and hydrodynamic compressive forging. The current status of each of the techniques has been delineated and future potential outlined. The hydrostatic extrusion process appears to be potentially useful, the main deterrent being the lack of availability of commercial equipment. However, work is going on in this field and the outlook is bright. The fluid-to-fluid extrusion process is much more cumbersome and is more limited than the hydrostatic extrusion process because of the increased primary pressure necessary to achieve a certain reduction. It may be useful however, when forming brittle and expensive materials. Hydrodynamic compressive forging appears to be very useful in secondary forming operations, and, in fact, is at the present time being used commercially.
Heaton, R.;Karpinski, Richard A.
doi: 10.1007/BF03378634pmid: N/A
Conclusion Therefore, one can see the importance in developing these practices in the BOP. The presence of hot metal slag was shown to be influential in the final steel sulfur content and the end-point carbon and temperature. Low-manganese hot metal resulted in higher hot metal charges, increased spar usage, increased lance skulls, lower manganese residual, and increased nitrogen in the steel. Bomb thermocouples were shown to be a useful tool when used with a bomb rack in heats with a low percentage of heavy scrap. The rapid carbon analysis based on the thermal arrest temperature measurements of liquid steel was shown to be a useful carbon testing method, particularly in low carbon heats. These practices have helped reduce the average testing time needed between oxygen off to start tap.
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