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Brown, Stephen L.; Hughes, Maria; Campbell, Sophie; Cherry, M. Gemma
doi: 10.1002/cpp.2399pmid: 31756262
Many breast cancer (BCa) patients experience clinically significant anxiety and depression in survivorship. Self‐compassion offers a bulwark to anxiety and depression in nonclinical, mental health, and some chronic physical health populations. We examined whether self‐compassion predicted lower anxiety and depression symptoms in survivors and whether this might be mediated by lower worry and rumination. The design was a cross‐sectional survey using self‐report measures. Female adult BCa survivors of mixed stages who had finished primary surgical, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy treatments completed self‐compassion subscales and worry, rumination, and anxiety and depression scales. Higher self‐compassion subscale scores were negatively associated with anxiety and depression. Depressive brooding and worry mediated any effects of self‐kindness and mindfulness on depression and anxiety, whereas common humanity directly predicted lower depression scores. Findings are consistent with the view that self‐compassion reduces threat‐related rumination and worry in BCa survivors, consequently reducing anxiety and depression. This may form a basis for prevention and treatment.
Summers, Elisabeth M.A.; Morris, Reg C.; Bhutani, Gita E.
doi: 10.1002/cpp.2401pmid: 31614048
The well‐being of psychological practitioners is a key factor in the effective delivery of psychological therapies and the effectiveness of mental health services. Despite this, there are no measures of well‐being for this professional group. The 26‐item psychological practitioner workplace well‐being measure (PPWWM) measures psychological well‐being for psychological practitioners and was informed by a qualitative study. Items were generated and then verified by groups of practitioners using sorting tasks. The items reflect a broad range of issues relevant to the workplace well‐being of psychological practitioners.
Teismann, Tobias; Brailovskaia, Julia
doi: 10.1002/cpp.2403pmid: 31614062
The Integrated Motivational–Volitional (IMV) Model of suicide posits that the association between perceptions of entrapment and suicide ideation is buffered by so‐called motivational moderators. The present study investigated, whether positive mental health as well as different facets of psychological well‐being qualify as motivational moderators. Possible moderator effects were investigated in an online sample (N = 301). Results demonstrated that positive mental health and psychological well‐being moderate the association between entrapment and suicide ideation. These findings underscore the importance of entrapment and positive psychological functioning in understanding pathways to suicide ideation.
Naets, Tiffany; Vervoort, Leentje; Tanghe, Ann; Braet, Caroline
doi: 10.1002/cpp.2405pmid: 31711275
Training self‐control as the assumed underlying mechanism for weight loss is a promising pathway for improving long‐term outcomes of childhood multidisciplinary obesity treatment (MOT). The present study is the first to analyse adherence to e‐health self‐control training in paediatric obesity. We hypothesized that low adherence would relate to child characteristics and to contextual treatment barriers. Participants were recruited as a part of a larger randomized controlled trial, evaluating an e‐health self‐control training during inpatient MOT (intensive phase) and its outpatient aftercare (booster phase). A number of 68 youngsters with severe obesity between 11 to 19 years old were included in the present study. Excellent adherence was observed in the intensive phase during inpatient MOT, but rates decreased in the booster phase. As predicted, the low adherence group had a significantly higher weight status throughout the entire study period. Differences in contextual treatment barriers did not appear. Further in‐depth analysis showed that the low adherence group frequently experienced practical obstacles. The end of inpatient MOT and high weight status can be considered important risk factors for low adherence in an additional self‐control training aimed at facilitating weight loss.
Martins, Maria João; Macedo, António; Carvalho, Célia Barreto; Pereira, Ana Telma; Castilho, Paula
doi: 10.1002/cpp.2406pmid: 31713311
It is widely known that stress reactivity and social functioning impairment are important difficulties in people with psychosis. However, the specific impact of stress reactivity on social functioning and its underlying mechanisms are still less explored. Social rank variables, such as shame and self‐criticism, have been pointed out as relevant in the development, maintenance of several types of psychosocial suffering and, specifically, in psychotic disorders. This study's aim was to explore the associations between external shame, self‐criticism, social stress reactivity, and social functioning difficulties and understand the mediator role of shame and self‐criticism in the relationship between social stress reactivity and social functioning. Seventy‐seven participants with a psychotic disorder filled in self‐reported measures of stress reactivity, shame, and self‐criticism and were clinically evaluated for social functioning. To study the associations between variables in the study, Spearman correlation coefficients were used. The PROCESS macro was used to test the sequential mediation analyses. All variables under study were associated with each other, and social stress reactivity predicted social functioning difficulties through external shame, whereas self‐criticism was not a significant mediator. The present study highlights the role of external shame in the pathway from stress reactivity to social impairment. These results inform recovery‐oriented interventions and reinforce the relevance of considering social competitive mentality when working with people with psychosis. Further research is needed to clarify the role of self‐to‐self relationship in social impairment and to identify other mechanisms aimed at dealing with shame used by people with psychosis.
Currier, Joseph M.; Isaak, Steven L.; McDermott, Ryon C.
doi: 10.1002/cpp.2407pmid: 31657075
Military personnel may encounter morally injurious events that lead to emotional, social, and spiritual suffering that transcend and/or overlap with mental health diagnoses (e.g., post‐traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]). Advancement of scientific research and potential clinical innovation for moral injury (MI) requires a diversity of measurement approaches. Drawing on results from the bifactor model in Currier et al.'s (2017) psychometric evaluation of the Expressions of Moral Injury Scale‐Military version (EMIS‐M), this study validated a four‐item short form of the instrument with two samples of veterans with a history of war‐zone service. Namely, despite the reduced number of items, the EMIS‐M‐Short Form (SF) yielded favourable internal consistency and comparable levels of convergent validity with theoretically related constructs (e.g., PTSD and struggles with morality and ultimate meaning) as the full‐length version. Notwithstanding the possible utility of distinguishing between self‐ and other‐directed forms of MI, factor analytic results further revealed that the EMIS‐M‐SF was best conceptualized with a unidimensional factorial model that might allow for a general assessment of MI‐related outcomes. Overall, these initial results suggest that the EMIS‐M‐SF may hold promise as a short, reliable, and valid assessment of overall outcomes related to a possible MI.
Hellberg, Samantha N.; Buchholz, Jennifer L.; Twohig, Michael P.; Abramowitz, Jonathan S.
doi: 10.1002/cpp.2409pmid: 31657499
Cognitive fusion (CF) involves the tendency to “buy in” to thoughts and feelings and consists of three empirically established domains: somatic concerns, emotion regulation, and negative evaluation. CF is hypothesized to play a role in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study examined how well the CF domains, relative to traditional cognitive–behavioural constructs (i.e., obsessive beliefs such as inflated responsibility), predict OCD symptoms. Fifty‐two treatment‐seeking adults with OCD completed self‐report measures of CF, obsessive beliefs, OCD symptoms, and general distress. Domains of CF were differentially associated with the responsibility for harm, symmetry, and unacceptable thoughts of OCD dimensions; yet after accounting for obsessive beliefs, only the negative evaluation domain of CF significantly predicted symmetry OCD symptoms. Obsessive beliefs significantly predicted all OCD dimensions except for contamination. These findings provide additional support for existing cognitive–behavioural models of OCD across symptom dimensions, with the exception of contamination symptoms, and suggest that the believability of thoughts and feelings about negative evaluation adds to the explanation of symmetry symptoms. Conceptual and treatment implications, study limitations, and future directions are discussed.
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