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Schnohr, Christina W.; Molcho, Michal; Rasmussen, Mette; Samdal, Oddrun; de Looze, Margreet; Levin, Kate; Roberts, Chris J.; Ehlinger, Virginie; Krlner, Rikke; Dalmasso, Paola; Torsheim, Torbjrn
Cavallo, Franco; Dalmasso, Paola; Ottov-Jordan, Veronika; Brooks, Fiona; Mazur, Joanna; Vlimaa, Raili; Gobina, Inese; Gaspar de Matos, Margarida; Raven-Sieberer, Ulrike; ,
doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv011pmid:
Vereecken, Carine; Pedersen, Trine P.; Ojala, Kristiina; Krlner, Rikke; Dzielska, Anna; Ahluwalia, Namanjeet; Giacchi, Mariano; Kelly, Colette
doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv012pmid: 25805780
Background: Fruit and vegetable consumption is linked to many positive health outcomes, nevertheless many adolescents do not consume fruit and vegetables on a daily basis. Methods: Data of 488,951 adolescents, aged 11-, 13- and 15- years, from 33 mainly European and North American countries/regions participating in the cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys in 2002, 2006 and 2010, were used to investigate trends in daily fruit and vegetable consumption between 2002 and 2010. Results: Multilevel logistic regression analyses showed an increase in daily fruit and vegetable consumption between 2002 and 2010 in the majority of countries for both genders and all three age groups. A decrease in consumption was noticed in five countries for fruit and five countries for vegetables. Conclusion: Overall, a positive trend was noticed, however increases in daily fruit and vegetable consumption are still indicated.
Honkala, Sisko; Vereecken, Carine; Niclasen, Birgit; Honkala, Eino
doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv013pmid: 25805781
Background: For maintaining good oral health, twice-a-day toothbrushing routine is recommended world-wide. As an association between oral diseases and the main non-communicable diseases is confirmed, the importance of brushing is rising. The aim of this article is to describe trends in more-than-once-a-day toothbrushing frequency in 20 countries/regions participating in five consecutive HBSC Surveys between 1994 and 2010. Methods: Eleven-, 13-, and 15-year-old children, who replied to the questionnaire in any of the five surveys, were included (N 474 760). Trends were analysed by logistic regression and multilevel logistic regression modelling. Results: Prevalence of recommended toothbrushing behaviour increased in all countries except in Scandinavia, which had already attained a very high level in 1994. The highest increase (more than 16) was observed in Estonia, Russia, Latvia, Finland and in Flemish Belgium. Girls had higher prevalence of toothbrushing than boys (OR 2.06, 99 CI 2.032.10). However, the increasing trend was stronger among boys (OR2010 vs. 1994 for boys 1.60; for girls 1.48), and among the younger adolescents (OR2010 vs. 1994 for 11-year-olds 1.64; for 15-year-olds 1.45). Conclusion: Recommended toothbrushing frequency increased in most of the studied countries/regions and differences between the countries diminished during 20042010.
Ottov-Jordan, Veronika; Smith, Otto R.F.; Gobina, Inese; Mazur, Joanna; Augustine, Lilly; Cavallo, Franco; Vlimaa, Raili; Moor, Irene; Torsheim, Torbjrn; Katreniakova, Zuzana; Vollebergh, Wilma; Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike; ,
Ahluwalia, Namanjeet; Dalmasso, Paola; Rasmussen, Mette; Lipsky, Leah; Currie, Candace; Haug, Ellen; Kelly, Colette; Damsgaard, Mogens Trab; Due, Pernille; Tabak, Izabela; Ercan, Oya; Maes, Lea; Aasvee, Katrin; Cavallo, Franco
Molcho, Michal; Walsh, Sophie; Donnelly, Peter; Matos, Margarida Gaspar de; Pickett, William
doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv026pmid: 25805784
Background: The aim was to examine temporal trends in injury mortality and morbidity across 30 countries in Europe and North America, and the impact of regional geography and adolescent risk behaviours (including substance use and physical fighting) on such trends. Methods: Data were obtained for 30 countries in 2002, 2006 and 2010. Mortality data were obtained from the World Health Organizations (WHO) Health for all database. Trends over time were described by WHO Regions using standardized rates comparisons and Poisson regression analyses. Results: Injury-related mortality, but not morbidity, declined over time across all countries (from 10 to 8 deaths per 100 000 between 2001 and 2010), with notable differences observed by Regions (e.g. from 48 to 39 deaths in Russia). Risk behaviours included in the models were consistently and significantly associated with injury morbidity, with substance increasing the risk for injury by 1.15 to 1.36 among girls, and physical fighting increasing the risk by 1.21 to 1.31 among boys across WHO Regions. Risk behaviours did not explain the observed temporal trends. Conclusions: Injury mortality and morbidity represent different health phenomena. Efforts that have been made to make societies safer for children have seemed to be successful in reducing injury morbidity.
Kalman, Michal; Inchley, Jo; Sigmundova, Dagmar; Iannotti, Ronald J.; Tynjl, Jorma A.; Hamrik, Zdenek; Haug, Ellen; Bucksch, Jens
doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv024pmid: 25805785
Background: Sufficient levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) give substantial health benefits to adolescents. This article examines trends in physical activity (PA) from 2002 to 2010 across 32 countries from Europe and North America. Methods: Representative samples included 479 674 pupils (49 boys) aged 11 years (n 156 383), 13 years (n 163 729) and 15 years (n 159 562). The trends in meeting the recommendations for PA (at least 60 min daily) were evaluated using logistic regression. Results: There was a slight overall increase between 2002 and 2010 (17.0 and 18.6, respectively). MVPA increased significantly (P 0.05) among boys in 16 countries. Conversely, nine countries showed a significant decrease. Among girls, 10 countries showed a significant increase (P 0.05). Eight countries showed a significant decrease. For all countries combined, girls were slightly less likely to show an increase in PA over time. Conclusions: The majority of adolescents do not meet current recommendations of PA. Further investment at national and international levels is therefore necessary to increase PA participation among children and adolescents and reduce the future health burden associated with inactivity.
Showing 1 to 10 of 21 Articles
Background: This article presents the scope and development of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, reviews trend papers published on international HBSC data up to 2012 and discusses the efforts made to produce reliable trend analyses. Methods: The major goal of this article is to present the statistical procedures and analytical strategies for upholding high data quality, as well as reflections from the authors of this article on how to produce reliable trends based on an international study of the magnitude of the HBSC study. HBSC is an international cross-sectional study collecting data from adolescents aged 1115 years, on a broad variety of health determinants and health behaviours. Results: A number of methodological challenges have stemmed from the growth of the HBSC-study, in particular given that the study has a focus on monitoring trends. Some of those challenges are considered. When analysing trends, researchers must be able to assess whether a change in prevalence is an expression of an actual change in the observed outcome, whether it is a result of methodological artefacts, or whether it is due to changes in the conceptualization of the outcome by the respondents. Conclusion: The article present recommendations to take a number of the considerations into account. The considerations imply methodological challenges, which are core issues in undertaking trend analyses.
Background: Self-rated health (SRH) in adolescence is known to be associated with health outcomes in later life. We carried out a trend analysis on data coming from three waves of data collected in 32 countries (mostly European) from 2002 to 2010 coming from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children surveys. Methods: SRH in adolescents was assessed using a Likert scale (excellent, good, fair and poor). Responses were dichotomized into excellent vs. rest. Country, age and gender groups were compared based on the odds ratio of declaring excellent SRH in 2010 with respect to 2002 and 2006. Results: The trend for European adolescents indicates an improvement over the last decade, although, in the majority of countries, a higher proportion of adolescents rate their health as excellent during the period 200206 with respect to the second half of the decade (200610).Girls were found to constantly rate their health as poorer, compared to their male peers, in all countries. Age has also a very stable trend towards a decreasing rating of health with increasing age. Conclusion: Decreased rating of health in the period 200610 may be a signal of the socio-economic difficulties of Europe in the last part of this decade.
doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv015pmid: 25805782
Background: Health complaints are a good indicator of an individuals psychosocial health and well-being. Studies have shown that children and adolescents report health complaints which can cause significant individual burden. Methods: Using data from the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, this article describes trends in multiple recurrent health complaints (MHC) in 35 countries among N 237 136 fifteen-year-olds from 1994 to 2010. MHC was defined as the presence of two or more health complaints at least once a week. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate trends across the five survey cycles for each country. Results: Lowest prevalence throughout the period 19942010 was 16.9 in 1998 in Austria and highest in 2006 in Israel (54.7). Overall, six different trend patterns could be identified: No linear or quadratic trend (9 countries), linear decrease (7 countries), linear increase (5 countries), U-shape (4 countries), inverted U-shape (6 countries) and unstable (4 countries). Conclusion: Trend analyses are valuable in providing hints about developments in populations as well as for benchmarking and evaluation purposes. The high variation in health complaints between the countries requires further investigation, but may also reflect the subjective nature of health complaints.
doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv016pmid: 25805783
Background: The purpose of this study was to assess recent changes in the prevalence of overweight (including obesity) among 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds in 33 countries from 2002 to 2010. Methods: Data from 25 countries from three consecutive survey cycles (2002, 2006 and 2010) that had at least 80 response rate for self-reported height, weight and age were analysed using logistic regression analysis. Results: Overweight prevalence increased among boys in 13 countries and among girls in 12 countries; in 10 countries, predominantly in Eastern Europe, an increase was observed for both boys and girls. Stabilization in overweight rates was noted in the remaining countries; none of the countries exhibited a decrease over the 8-year period examined. In the majority of countries (20/25) there were no age differences in trends in overweight prevalence. Conclusion: In over half of the countries examined overweight prevalence did not change during 20022010. However, increasing overweight prevalence was noted in many Eastern European countries over this time period. Overweight prevalence remained high in several countries in Europe and North America. These patterns call for continued research in youth overweight and highlight the need to understand cross-national differences by examining macro-level indicators. Such research should feed into developing sound translations and practices to prevent and reduce overweight in youth.