Pathology International

Nonomura, Akitaka; Yoshida, Kazuharu; Kono, Naoko; Nakanuma, Yasuni; Ohta, Goroku

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02300.xpmid: 2969170

Graft‐vesus‐host disease (GVHD) was produced by injecting lymphoid cells from B10·D2 mice into BALB/C mice. Both are H‐2‐identical but differ only at multiple minor H loci. The expressin and localizaton of MHC class II antigens on the bile duct epithelium was examined using an immunoelectron microscopical method. All GVHD mice developed bile duct lesions of chronic nonsuppurative cholangitis and expressed MHC class II antigens on their bile duct epithelium, while none of the control mice, which injected with the same number of syngeneic lymphocytes, developed bile duct lesions or expressed the antigens. The antigenic expression was characteristically localized on the basolateral surface of the bile duct epithelium but not on the apical surface. Furthermore, the expression varied markedly in its intensity and distribution within the same liver and even within a single bile duct. The infiltration of Lyt‐1‐positive helper/inducer lymphocytes in the duct epithelial layer apparent by electron microscopy was predominant to a much greater degree than that of Lyt‐2‐positive cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes and non‐lymphocytic cells. The immunological mechanisms involving helper/inducer T cells in association with MHC class II antigens on bile duct epithelium may be important in the induction and progression of the bile duct lesions apparent in the present GVHD model.

Nakanuma, Yasuni; Terada, Tadashi; Ohtake, Shigehiko; Govindarajan, Sugantha

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02301.xpmid: 3293353

Degenerative epithelial changes with cytoplasmic eosinophilia and nuclear pleomorphism were found in the intrahepatic periductal glands in two patients who died following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. These changes, which have not been described in the literature to our knowledge, were closely associated with clinicopathologic signs of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), and histologically they resembled small bile ductal lesions, a characteristic finding of hepatic GVHD. In addition, periductal glandular and small bile ductal lesions frequently coexisted. Neither livers from patients given autologous marrow transplantation nor other control livers including those from patients given abdominal irradiation revealed such glandular lesions. These results suggest that the observed changes in the intrahepatic periductal glands were a manifestation of GVHD.

Muro, Hiroyuki; Shirasawa, Haruyuki; Takahashi, Yohei; Maeda, Matsuyoshi; Nakamura, Satoshi

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02302.xpmid: 3134796

The localization of Fc receptors for IgG on mouse liver sinusoidal endothelium was studied in tissue sections by light and electron microscopy using peroxidase‐antiperoxidase IgG complexes as ligands. Light microscopy revealed that Fc receptors were continuously present along the sinusoidal wall, but absent on the endothelium of the central vein and that of the portal area blood vessels. Electron microscopy revealed Fc receptors on both the luminal and basal aspects of the plasma membrane, far more being present on the former, on the walls of cytoplasmic fenestrae, and abundantly on the walls of coated pits and vesicles of sinusoidal endothelial cells. Fc receptors were found more frequently on sinusoidal endothelial cells than on Kupffer cells. Fat‐storing cells lacked the receptors and hepatocytes showed an ambiguous result which was considered to be nonspecific.

Suzuki, Keiji; Kawaharada, Umeko; Takatama, Masamitsu; Ooneda, Genju

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02303.xpmid: 3394522

The acid phosphatase activities of arterial cells in the mesenteric arteries of renal hypertensive rats were investigated by both light and electron microscopy. Light microscopically, strongly positive acid phosphatase reactions were confirmed in endothelial cells, intimal cells, medial cells and adventitial cells of the mesenteric arteries, together with considerable deposition of fibrinoid substance in the intima and media in contrast to the appearance in control rats. Electron microscopically, lysosomes with acid phosphatase‐positive reaction products were increased in number in endothelial cells, intimal smooth muscle cells, medial smooth muscle cells and adventitial neutrophils or macrophages. The lysosomes in intimal smooth muscle cells and those which were extracellularly discharged were responsible for lysis of the fibrinoid substance. In the media, acid phosphatase‐positive lysosomes of medial cells and extracellularly discharged matrix lysosomes with acid phosphatase‐positive reactions were also involved in the hydrolysis of necrotic substances and extracellular matrix. These acid phosphatase‐positive reactions were diminished both light and electron microscopically in endothelial cells, intimal cells, medial muscle cells and adventitial cells in the regions of healing arteries where fibrinoid substance had been degradated and the intima showed cellulofibrous thickening. The possible role of this acid phosphatase activation for the clearance of cell debris as well as exudative substances in the healing of damaged arterial tissue was discussed.

Yoshida, Haruhiko; Adachi, Hironobu; Hamada, Yoichiro; Aki, Toshiyuki; Yumoto, Tokichi; Morimoto, Kanehito; Orido, Takashi

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02305.xpmid: 3164960

The osteosarcomas were subclassified into osteoblastic, fibroblastic, chondroblastic and telangiectatic types and examined by electron microscopy. Their immunohistochemical reactions were also studied. In an overall survey of the above types, fibroblast‐like cells revealed poorly developed cytoplasmic organelles with rather short, branching rough endoplasmic reticulum, mixed with osteoblast‐like cells that were hardly distinguishable from the former. They appeared to be an early stage of an osteoblastic cell lineage from the distribution and development of their cell organelles and highly positive vimentin activity. The tumor cells in malignant cartilage varied in appearance from chondroblast‐like to osteoblast‐like cells. All types of tumor cells expressed alkaline phosphatase activity to a significant degree. Immunohistochemical staining showed a mixture of procollagen type I‐positive cells among the cells positive for both procollagen type II and S‐100 protein in the malignant cartilage. Irrespective of any ultrastructural differences between these various tumor cell types, they all revealed a significant degree of ALPase activity unlike other types of bone tumors, suggesting that the tumor cells which constitute the various types of osteosarcoma are derived from a common precursor cell.

Ishihara, Tokuhiro; Akamatsu, Akira; Takahashi, Mutsuo; Yamashita, Yoshimi; Yokota, Tadaaki; Nagasawa, Takaaki; Gondo, Toshikazu; Kawano, Hiroo; Kawamura, Shunji; Uchino, Fumiya; Matsumoto, Noboru; Kamei, Toshiaki

Kawaguchi, Kenji; Kishida, Shuji; Okeda, Riki; Funata, Nobuaki; Koike, Morio

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02307.xpmid: 2839954

An unusual case of encephalomyeloneuritis associated with germ cell tumor with mature and immature teratoma arising in the mediastinum is presented. There was an unusually long interval from the onset of neurologic symptoms to the development of malignancy. The histopathology, characterized by limbic encephalitis, brain stem encephalitis, cortical cerebellar degeneration and myeloneuritis, was similar to that of paraneoplastic encephalomyeloneuritis previously described in the literature. Virological and immunological studies failed to demonstrate any causative agents or autoantibodies reacting with brain tissue. The causal relationship between the malignant neoplasm and encephalomyeloneuritis thus seems to be very complex.

Terada, Tadashi; Oiwake, Hisanori; Nakanuma, Yasuni; Ohta, Goroku; Nishino, Tomoichi

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02308.xpmid: 2969171

A 69‐year‐old man in whom idiopathic enlargement of the right atrium was revealed at autopsy is described. The patient had had cardiomegaly of at least 19 years’duration prior to his death, even though cardiac symptoms were absent. Cause of death was pancreatic carcinoma. Postmortem examination revealed marked and diffuse dilatation of the right atrium and moderate dilatation of the left atrium. Measurement of the cardiac chambers showed that the right and left atria were 7.6 and 4.7 times as large as those of normal hearts, respectively. The volume of either ventricle was about twice the normal value. Histologically, widespread cardiac muscular degeneration and necrosis, diffuse fibrosis, and focal lymphocytic infiltration were found in the right atrium and also, to a lesser degree, in the left atrium. Such pathologic changes were not found in either of the ventricles. The etiology of these muscular changes, which might have been related to atrial enlargement, was unclear. The present case was thought to be consistent with idiopathic enlargement of the right atrium, and a brief review of the literature is given.

Yashiro, Tohru; Aiba, Motohiko; Obara, Takao; Fujimoto, Yoshihide; Hirayama, Akira

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02309.xpmid: 3134797

A case of primary plasmacytoma of the thyroid gland which occurred in a 63‐year‐old woman is reported. Histologic and ultramicroscopic examination revealed that the excised thyroid tumor was plasmacytoma superimposed on lymphocytic thyroiditis. Immunohistological study showed that the tumor cells produced intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin (IgG‐kappa). Electropho‐retic and immunoelectrophoretic studies disclosed the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin (IgG‐kappa) in samples of the patient's serum which had been obtained preoperatively. After completion of irradiation therapy to the neck following tumor removal, the serum monoclonal immunoglobulin disappeared. The patient is currently alive and well without any evidence of the tumor three years after surgery.

Kato, Shinsuke; Ichihara, Keiichi

doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1988.tb02310.xpmid: 3394524

A 60‐year‐old Japanese woman was diagnosed at autopsy as having had hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) associated with systemic hemangiomas. In her repoduction period, premenstrual epistaxis frequently occurred. At the age of 60, the patient died of malignant lymphoma. At autopsy, multiple telangiectatic spots were noted on the face, limbs and trunk. The paraaortic lymph nodes, which were enlarged and irregularly conglomerated, were histologically diagnosed as malignant lymphoma of the diffuse large cell type. Submucosal telangiectatic lesions were found in the gastrointestinal system from the oral cavity to the rectum. Cavernous hemangiomas were present in various visceral organs including the liver, spleen, small and large intestines, rectum, appendix, uterus, and jejunal and colonic mesenteries. There was an arteriovenous fistula in the left lung. Examination of her family pedigree showed that the patient had an autosomal dominant trait of inheritance. The pathogenesis of the systemic visceral hemangiomas observed in this patient was considered to be similar to that of hamartoma.