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Aspeling, Heila E; Van Wyk, Neltjie C
doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2007.00659.xpmid: 18190478
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is often jeopardized by factors misapprehended by health‐care providers. As South Africa is severely affected by HIV and AIDS, identifying factors that influence adherence in this specific context becomes essential. An exploratory and descriptive case study design was used to further explore this subject and to identify factors that could influence adherence to ART. A significant correlation with international data was found. Most participants indicated that their traditional beliefs and customs did not interfere with their adherence to ART, although the lack of HIV education might facilitate reversion to traditional customs. Adequate treatment preparation, comprehensive HIV education and a supportive patient–provider relationship seemed to impact adherence significantly.
Oyeyemi, Adetoyeje Y; Oyeyemi, Bashir O; Bello, Ibrahim S
doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2007.00668.xpmid: 18190479
Nurses' feeling of comfort during care is important to stay on the job and for their choice of specialty of care. This study aimed to assess nurses' level of comfort in providing care to patients living with AIDS and to determine the sociodemographic variables that influence nurses' comfort. Nurses in four hospitals in Nigeria (n = 277) were surveyed using a questionnaire that elicited information on their demographic characteristics, previous AIDS encounter, and their comfort taking vital signs, casually handling, administering enema and mouth‐to‐mouth resuscitation, and in recommending exercise and physical therapy to patients living with AIDS. Nigerian nurses were uncomfortable with resuscitation and also showed discomfort not wearing gloves while handling these patients. Being single and male gender influenced nurses' comfort with vital signs and enema administration. Special orientation to include analysis of common tasks and procedures for new nurses assigned to AIDS units is suggested.
Palfi, Ilona; Nemeth, Katalin; Kerekes, Zsuzsanna; Kallai, Janos; Betlehem, Jozsef
doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2007.00662.xpmid: 18190480
This study was aimed to explore the occurrence of burnout among nurses in health and social institutions in Baranya County of Hungary, to reveal the connections between burnout and sociodemographic factors, and to learn its extent in different types of care. The survey was a one‐off, representative sample with 805 questionnaires processed. The questionnaire was an internationally used and accepted standard paper designed for assessing burnout syndrome. The sample was given by nurses working in health and social care institutions in 2001. Intensive care nurses have the highest scores for burnout, followed by nurses in long‐term care. Active ward nurses show the lowest scores for burnout. Burnout is twice as high among intensive care nurses (10.7%) than among long‐term care nurses (3.6%), and the least is among active ward nurses (0.6%). Leaving one's job is closely connected with burnout (66%). Prevention could save health‐care workers from burnout and leaving the job independently from nurses' sociodemographic factors.
Cheraghi, Mohammad A; Salasli, Mahvash; Ahmadi, Fazlollah
doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2007.00664.xpmid: 18190481
Amalgamation of nursing education into universities has raised many questions about the nursing students' clinical preparation. Despite increased academic input into nursing education in Iran in recent years, the public and the government have criticized Iranian nurses regarding the poor quality of patient care. Using grounded theory methodology, in‐depth individual interviews were conducted with a theoretical sample of nine participants to better understand the perceptions of factors influencing the clinical preparation of BS nursing student interns. Three main clinical themes emerged from this study: (i) educator incompetency; (ii) nursing staff technical ability; and (iii) a non‐conducive learning environment.
Glasson, Janet B; Chang, Esther ML; Bidewell, John W
doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2007.00665.xpmid: 18190482
This paper demonstrates the value of participatory action research (PAR) and promotes its use by nurses in clinical practice. PAR has gained popularity in nursing and health‐care research, offering a way of developing practice‐based knowledge that can improve nursing care. PAR is described in detail: what PAR is, how to use PAR in clinical practice, and the steps in the PAR cycle as applied during an exemplar study in which nurses used PAR to address their concerns and develop, implement and evaluate a model of care in an acute medical ward. The authors advocate PAR as a collaborative means to improve the nursing care for patients in varied clinical practice settings.
Mutea, Naomi K; Baker, Constance M
doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2007.00660.xpmid: 18190483
Diabetes is a global public health concern because the incidence, prevalence and financial burden are rapidly increasing. Clinical nursing research in developing countries is rare. This study examines nurses' involvement in the management of diabetic patients in a western Kenya Hospital. A descriptive exploratory design is used, data were collected in structured interviews with 15 registered nurses using an investigator‐designed instrument. Content analysis produced eight categories of nurses' involvement in managing hospitalized diabetic patients. Facilitators and barriers to managing diabetic care are presented from the perspective of the nurse, hospital, patient, family and community. Workforce redesign is needed to cope with nursing shortages.
Klemetti, Seija; Suominen, Tarja
doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2007.00666.xpmid: 18190484
The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine how preoperative fasting and postoperative termination of the fast was experienced in ambulatory surgery by child patients and their mothers. The target group consisted of children (n = 12, age 2–10 years) who had undergone tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy, and their mothers. In the interviews, the mothers were asked to describe the problems connected with their child's preoperative fast and postoperative termination of the fast, as well as the things that went well in the process. Content analysis was carried out inductively. Preoperatively, the children were thirsty and anxious, but understood the fasting situation well. In some cases, there were conflicts between the child and his/her parent if fasting was prolonged. Parents also had doubts about their ability to implement the child's fast. Postoperatively, children had pains in their throats and stomachs, suffered from nausea, and had difficulty taking in nutrition and medication. Parents had worries about their child's home care, such as food intake and administration of pain medication. The possibility of postoperative bleeding and exacerbation of the child's condition was also worrying for the parents. The most evident result of the study was that parents need more information before their child's operation. Preparing the child for the operation by giving him/her nutrition as long as permitted enhances postoperative recovery and improves parents' control over the ambulatory surgical experience. Nurses should take a more active part in children's perioperative fasting and preoperative preparation of children and their parents. In further research, experimental studies should be designed in order to receive more evidence‐based information for clinical practice.
doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2007.00667.xpmid: 18190485
There is a significant cultural gap between westernized Australian and Aboriginal cultures, especially in regards to care of the dying. Thus, cultural sensitivity and respect, coupled with knowledge of the traditions and practices in respect of the death and dying, are of utmost importance in communicating with Aboriginal peoples. In order to make a contribution to furthering cultural safety in nursing practice, this article provides important insights on a wide range of Aboriginal cultural practices in relation to the clothing, hair, possessions and name of deceased persons that impact on the nursing care of the dying Aboriginal person.
Belling, Ruth; Woods, Leslie; McLaren, Susan
doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2007.00661.xpmid: 18190486
The number of advanced nursing roles dedicated to the care and management of patients with chronic, long‐term Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) has increased, particularly in the UK. However, studies reporting effectiveness and scope of practice remain extremely limited. This paper focuses on specialist or advanced nursing practice from the perception of patients and their families living with IBD. One hundred and thirty‐one qualitative descriptions of the perceived difference made by specialist nurses to the care of IBD patients were received from members of the UK National Association for Crohn's Disease and Colitis following invited nominations in support of its Nursing Award. These qualitative descriptions were analysed thematically. Two main categories of themes emerged: role behaviours/skills and personal qualities/attributes. Twenty‐four role behaviours and 12 personal attributes were identified. In contrast with literature on advanced nursing roles which stresses technical competence, findings from this study suggest that patients perceive support, advice, caring, empathy and disease management to be of particular importance to their care.
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