doi: 10.1093/icb/11.4.581pmid: N/A
Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. © 1971 by the American Society of Zoologists
doi: 10.1093/icb/11.4.617pmid: N/A
Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. © 1971 by the American Society of Zoologists
doi: 10.1093/icb/11.4.709pmid: N/A
Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. © 1971 by the American Society of Zoologists
doi: 10.1093/icb/11.4.713pmid: N/A
Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. © 1971 by the American Society of Zoologists
doi: 10.1093/icb/11.4.715pmid: N/A
Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. © 1971 by the American Society of Zoologists
doi: 10.1093/icb/11.4.725pmid: N/A
Abstract SYNOPSIS. Autoradiographic techniques are reviewed which have been recommended. for the localization of diffusible substances, such as steroid hormones. Advancement in techniques, including low temperature tissue sectioning, section freeze-drying, and dry-mounting of sections, led to the development of the dry-mount autoradiographic technique. This progress in technique has enabled the cellular and subcellular topotgraphic localization of steroid hormones in peripheral and central target tissues, including the identification of hormone target cells in the pituitary and mapping of hormone neurons in the brain. In the pituitary, tritiated estrogen, androgen, and glucocorticoid are concentrated and retained in nuclei of certain anterior lobe cells. In the brain, estrogens, androgens, and glucocorticoids are attracted by and concentrated in nuclei of certain neurons located mainly within the phylogenetically old periventricular brain. In view of the widespread distribution of sex steroids in different brain areas, the generally held concept of a topographically confined single or dual “sex center” is challenged. While estrogen and androgen neurons in the hypothalamus, in the preoptic-septal-parolfactory region, and in the amygdala overlap, or are even identical in part, glucocorticoid neurons are more heavily concentrated in the gyrus dentatus, hyppocampus, indusium griseum, dorsal nuclei septi lateralis and medialis, as well as in the piriform cortex and portions of the amygdala. It is conceptualized that the steroid hormone neurons are hypophysiotropic neurons, being involved in the neurosecretion of releasing factors, and that they represent sought for hormone “feedback” areas in the brain. This challenges the generally held view of the “hypophysiotrophic area” in the hypothalamus as the anatomical site where releasing factors are produced. This content is only available as a PDF. © 1971 by the American Society of Zoologists
doi: 10.1093/icb/11.4.741pmid: N/A
Abstract SYNOPSIS. Hormonal effects on selected indicators of neural activity are reviewed with reference to neuroendocrine mechanisms. The nature of brain recordings and their advantages and disadvantages in neuroendocrine applications are discussed. The problems of localization of neuroendocrine mechanisms in place and time are presented, with indications of which processes may be best suited to neurophysiological analysis. This content is only available as a PDF. © 1971 by the American Society of Zoologists
doi: 10.1093/icb/11.4.755pmid: N/A
Abstract SYNOPSIS. Hormone retention by various target tissues has been demonstrated for a number of sex steroids. Retention of the steroid by the target tissue appears to be specific and saturation occurs at physiological levels of hormone. Thus, target tissues are said to possess specific receptors for the hormone. Only the estrogens have been extensively studied, and both a cytoplasmic and nuclear receptor have been described for various estrogen target tissues (uterus, pituitary, hypothalamus). The receptor concept has been utilized by a number of laboratoriesas a mechanism which might be helpful in understanding the relationship between estrogen effects, i.e., changes in physiology or behavior resulting from estrogen treatments. The basis for the estrogen receptor is reviewed along with the data which attempt to relate hormone retention to a physiological response. There is considerable evidence that hormone retention is a primary step in the tissue hormone interaction as in its absence the effects attributable to the presence of the hormone are not observed. Progesterone retention has also been demonstrated forsome target tissues, and an estrogen (priming) component is apparent for uterus and vagina. Todate there is no concrete evidence lor specific progesterone retention at the neural level. This content is only available as a PDF. © 1971 by the American Society of Zoologists
doi: 10.1093/icb/11.4.769pmid: N/A
Article PDF first page preview Close This content is only available as a PDF. © 1971 by the American Society of Zoologists
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