Study of climbing plant growth on different types of vertical structureDilla Putri Mitha, Novia; Nasrullah, Nizar; Khrisrachmansyah, Rezky
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1133/1/012050pmid: N/A
Various climbing plants can be selected as an element in the vertical greenery system. However, it should consider the species’ suitability to climb any vertical structure. This study aims to analyze the growth rates of several climbing plants in a vertical plane at different hole sizes of a wire mesh. The experimental design used in this experiment was a split-plot factorial randomized block design that consisted of two factors with three replications. The species factor consisted of Antigonon leptosus Hook, Clerodendrum thomsomniae Balf. f, and Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb., while the mesh (hole) size factor consisted of 4 cm and 6 cm. Galvanized wire mesh was used as a vertical plane, while the plane dimension in each experimental unit was 3 m in height and 0.5 m in width. The research results found the best treatments obtained in the growth of A. leptopus in a mesh size of 4 cm. A combination of A. leptopus in a mesh size of 4 cm produced the highest value in plant height, the number of leaves, the percentage of plant coverage, and increasing of flowers number. T.grandiflora and C.thomsoniae ranked second and third in growth rate, respectively
Aflatoxin in rice: a publication reviewKristiningrum, Ellia; Nurcahyo, Rahmat; Susanto, DanarAgus; Isharyadi, Febrian; Budi Mulyono, Ary; Anggraeni, Putty; Dulbert Tampubolon, Biatna; Harjanto, Singgih; Wahyu Hapsari, Bety; Yusuf, Muhamad
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1133/1/012035pmid: N/A
Contamination of food products by various types of fungi can pose a severe health threat to humans and livestock. Aflatoxin (AFS) is a toxic and carcinogenic metabolite of the Aspergillus fungus that can occur in rice. Many studies have been conducted on the content of aflatoxins in staple foods, including rice. A literature analysis was performed to get an overview of the development of aflatoxin publication in rice using the Scopus database (Elsevier) between 2010 - 2021. In this article, we describe the focus of trends and characteristics of publications and visualize the growing network. The analysis includes descriptive analysis, keyword network, author collaboration network, and country/regional cooperation analysis. Research on the content of aflatoxins in rice has increased sharply in the last 20 years. The cause of aflatoxins is that fungi can potentially infect food crops, posing a significant health risk to humans and livestock. Aflatoxins are also thought to inhibit growth (growth retardation), resulting in stunting or failure to thrive. The main areas of study for aflatoxins can be separated into four categories: (a) types of aflatoxins; (b) origin and development process of aflatoxins; (c) test methods; and (d) type of product.
Analysis of the vigor of Melaleuca Leucadendron L. seeds exposed to ionizing radiationPutri, K P; Zanzibar, M; Yulianti,
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1133/1/012057pmid: N/A
Gamma-ray irradiation is a type of ionizing radiation that can be used to improve the physiological quality of Melaleuca leucadendron L. (gelam) seeds. The focus of the research was to observe the influence of gamma-ray exposed on the vigor of new, and stored seeds of M. leucadendron. Viability testing was carried out. The analyzed of statistic were variance analyzed by analysis using one factor with thirteen treatments (0; 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960 Gy) and four replication. A T-test was conducted to decide the effect of the seed storage period on seed viability for all doses of gamma-ray exposure treatment. The new M. leucadendron seeds irradiated up to 960 Gy did not reduce the number of sprouts. However, the seed storage vigor decreased in almost all irradiated doses after two months of storage, except at a dose of 2.5 Gy. The conclusion of this research shows that low-dose irradiation treatment can increase the vigor of the M. leucadendron seeds that have been stored, and it will contribute to the effort to maintain seed viability for conservation purposes.
Performance of three oil palm varieties on the East Coast of North SumatraPradiko, I; Hariyadi, ; June, T; Sujadi,
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1133/1/012005pmid: N/A
The planting material, environmental conditions, and agricultural practices determine the oil palm performance. This research aimed to observe the performance of three oil palm varieties produced by IOPRI in Adolina Estate, Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatra. Adolina Estate is located on the eastern part and has a distinctive equatorial rainfall type with a sandy clay loam soil texture. The DyP Dumpy, DxP PPKS 540, and DxP Langkat varieties have been planted since 2010 in the same block with similar soil conditions and agricultural practices with total samples of 101, 147, and 124 trees, respectively. The growth parameters were height, length of rachis, petiole cross-section (PCS), and leaf area (LA), while the production parameters observed included the average bunch number, bunch weight, and yield. The results showed that DyP Dumpy had the slowest height growth with the most extended rachis length. DxP PPKS 540 has the highest average of PCS and LA, while the DxP Langkat had the fastest height growth and shortest rachis length. Furthermore, the DxP PPKS 540 variety produced the highest average yield, 24.85 tons ha−1, while DyP Dumpy and DxP Langkat have 23.19 tons ha−1 and 23.95 tons ha−1, respectively.
Seed treatments and seedling root soaking in biological agents improved plant growth and reduced bacterial leaf blight disease incidence in riceLizansari, K N; Machmud, M; Ilyas, S
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1133/1/012031pmid: N/A
Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), a seed-soil-air-borne pathogen that can reduce 60% of rice yield. The primary study intended to investigate the effect of seed treatments and root soaking with biological agents (a mixture of Pseudomonas diminuta and Bacillus subtilis) on plant growth and the severity of BLB in a greenhouse. A split-plot experimental design was used with seed treatments as the main plot: negative control, positive control (Xoo inoculated), bactericide (streptomycin sulfate 20%) 0.2%, biopriming with biological agents 108 CFU ml−1, matriconditioning plus bactericide 0.2%, biomatriconditioning with biological agents 108 CFU ml−1. The subplots were root soaking: untreated, bactericide 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%; biological agents 106 CFU ml−1, 108 CFU ml−1, and 1010 CFU ml−1. Biomatriconditioning reduced the BLB incidence three weeks after sowing from 10.6% to 1.7% and increased plant height four weeks after transplanting (WAT). Biomatriconditioning followed by root soaking in the biological agents or 0.4 % bactericide increased plant dry weight 3 WAT. Biomatriconditioning or root soaking in the biological agents (106 CFU ml−1) provided the most significant number of tillers 4 WAT.
Potential of Dioscorea bulbifera L. as a bio-insecticide in controlling dry wood termites (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Ligh.)Oksari, A A; Susanty, D; Rizki, F H; Wanda, I F; Arinana, ; Dadang,
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1133/1/012046pmid: N/A
Currently, chemical control techniques prevent termite attacks, but these chemicals’ effects are concerning because they negatively impact human health and the environment. Therefore, pest control is focused on alternative insecticides that are effective, selective, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly. Several secondary metabolites from the methanolic extract of Dioscorea bulbifera leaves have insecticidal activities. This study aimed to examine the potential of D. bulbifera extract as a bio-insecticide in controlling dry-wood termites (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light.). The study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatments and three replications. The treatment in this study was a combination of concentration and source of D. bulbifera extract. Parameters observed were termite mortality, weight loss percentage of the paper disc, and damage degree. Based on the One-Way ANOVA test at a 5% significance level, the treatment had a significant effect on mortality but had no significant effect on the weight loss percentage and the degree of damage. A concentration of 50% from D. bulbifera extract leaves was able to control dry wood termites with mortality of 70.97%., a weight loss percentage of 33.88%, and a degree of damage of 65.05%. This result indicates that D. bulbifera has the potential as a bio-insecticide in controlling dry wood termites.
The application of fertilizers on calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn.) seedlings from several populations in West JavaAnita Nugraheni, Y M M; Dwi Nur Cahyono, Deddy; Syamsuwida, Dida; Danu, ; Aminah, Aam; Yuniarti, Naning; Dharmawati, D; Nurmawati, S; Agus Hendarto, Kresno
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1133/1/012021pmid: N/A
Nutrient input on calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus Meiss.) seedlings is a necessity to increase productivity. The study has been carried out to evaluate the growth of calliandra seedlings from several populations in West Java after being treated with bio and chemical fertilizers. The treatment used 2 (two) types of biofertilizers, i.e., Rhizomax and PGPR, and chemical fertilizer from Cabriotop, as well as aqua dest as a control. Calliandra seeds were collected from 3 (three) populations of West Jawa, i.e., Sukabumi, Garut, and Cianjur. The findings showed a positive response to seedling growth after fertilization, either with bio or chemical fertilizer. Biofertilizer was more responsive than chemical in the variables of leaf number, stem segment number, shoot dry weight, diameter, and root dry weight. Seedlings from Garut mainly showed the best growth compared to the Sukabumi and Cianjur seedlings.
Zeoponic, a plant growing medium from zeolite mineralTjahyandari Suryaningtyas, Dyah; Galuh Nur Fatiha, Yuniar; Oktariani, Putri; Suwardi,
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1133/1/012020pmid: N/A
A plant-growing medium is an essential part of many horticultural crop systems and it influences nutrient uptakes. The present work aims at assessing the beneficial effects of zeoponic, a plant-growing medium made from zeolite, compost, and cocopeat, on the performances of three vegetable crops: green mustard, tomato, and eggplant plants. This research was conducted at IPB greenhouse in Cikabayan and Laboratory of the Department of Soil Science, IPB University, using five different plant growing media, including zeoponic. The plant-growing media and the plant tissues were analyzed to determine the relationship between the plant growing media characteristics and plant growth. According to the findings, zeoponic treatment increased the plant height, root length and shoot fresh weight. Zeoponic increased the efficiency of nutrient uptake, especially nitrogen, due to its great capacity for cation exchange and capacity to absorb ammonium ions. Zeoponic can also maintain low electrical conductivity so that plants cultivate in zeoponic grow faster than those in other plant-growing media.
Effect of endophytic fungi on the ability of Aphis craccivora Koch. in transmitting Bean common mosaic virusRinika, R; Damayanti, TA; Wiyono, S; Santoso, S
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1133/1/012042pmid: N/A
Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and its aphid vector, Aphis craccivora, are essential limiting factors in yardlong bean production. The previous study showed that endophytic fungi (EF), Lecanicillium lecanii (LL), and H5 could suppress virus titer in BCMV-infected plants by its vector Aphis craccivora. Therefore, elucidation of its mechanisms is a necessary study. This research aimed to study the ability of aphids reared on EF-treated and untreated control plants to transmit BCMV. The adult aphids had been raised on EF-treated yard-long beans for three generations. The 3rd generation of adult aphids was used as vectors to transmit BCMV after acquisition feeding on infected plants and inoculating feeding on healthy plants. The disease assessment parameters were observed at four weeks post-transmission. Generally, the population number of aphids on EF-treated plants was significantly lower compared to the control. The transmission of BCMV using the 3rd generation of aphids reared on EF-treated plants affected by the prolonged incubation period, lower disease incidence and severity score, and significantly lower virus titer compared to control. Moreover, the detection of BCMV by ELISA in aphids after virus transmission showed an adverse reaction, indicating that the virus from acquisition feeding was transmitted to plants during inoculation feeding. These results revealed that rearing aphids on EF-treated plants interfere with the aphids’ ability to transmit BCMV by decreasing virus acquired during acquisition and inoculation feeding.
Erosion prevention through empowerment of human resources to support food security around the Kambaniru watershed, East Nusa TenggaraSukamdani, N B; Sukwika, T
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1133/1/012061pmid: N/A
The high activity of the community that is not accompanied by the readiness of human resources around the watershed determines the status of the land use index, the erosion index, and economic and social factors. The negative externality impacts arise due to unfriendly land-use management on various types of cultivation, including agriculture, cultivation, plantations, or even livestock, contributing to the potential for erosion. This study aims to create a causal model of erosion prevention through a human resource development approach to support community food security and develop a technical program for land rehabilitation around the Kambaniru watershed, East Nusa Tenggara. The research method is presented descriptively with observation, tabulation, and data valuation techniques. The performance assessment results of the Kambaniru watershed show a medium-category classification. Multi-purpose plants and trees are prioritized for land rehabilitation to prevent erosion and provide food security for the poor, such as corn and tubers. Human resource capacity development in the upstream and central communities has successfully supported the erosion prevention and land rehabilitation program. The policy implications of this research are as follows: the limited capacity of community human resources in land conservation can be started by socializing the planting of short-lived trees. The recommended species are legume family types that can thrive in various types of soil and are flexible with climate change. Corn and tubers are a source of high calories and nutrients needed to improve the quality of human resources in the Kambaniru watershed area. Therefore, developing a food reserve land program in the Kambaniru watershed is necessary.