Results of use of aqueous solution of corn extract as a growth stimulant in germination of triticale seedsSkamarokhova, A S; Agarkova, N V; Danilova, A A; Yurin, D A; Svistunov, A A
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1212/1/012004pmid: N/A
In the process of looking for ways to diversify the implementation into the production of secondary raw materials, a laboratory experiment was performed, the purpose of which was to determine whether the product of deep processing of corn, liquid corn extract, is suitable as a source of nutrients for seed germination. For this experiment, a winter cereal fodder crop was chosen - triticale (variety Tikhon). In a solution of corn extract with a concentration of 3 ml/l, triticale showed the best indicators of germination energy and germination compared to the control, which provides a perspective to study the application of this raw material as a natural biostimulator or a component of organic biofertilizer. According to biometric indicators, the seeds of winter triticale showed themselves better in the variant with a concentration of corn extract of 3 ml/l. In the variant with a concentration of corn extract of 5 ml/l, inhibition along the length of the roots is noticeable. The length of the sprout in two experimental variants is higher than in the control.
Breeding bulbous and bulbotuberiferous flower crops at the Subtropical Scientific Centre of RASRyndin, A V; Pashchenko, O I; Slepchenko, N A
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1212/1/012027pmid: N/A
Bulbous and bulbotuberiferous plants are the most popular flower crops among amateur flower growers, florists, landscape designers, introducers and breeders. These crops collected by the Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences include both foreign and domestic cultivars. Breeding work within these collections has been carried out for more than 50 years, for many – for the first time in the country. The obtained cultivars are not inferior in decorative qualities to foreign ones, and they are superior in resistance. Currently, due to the limited import of foreign planting material, the demand for domestic products has significantly increased. This paper presents the results of research conducted over the last 15 years. During this period, researchers have created more than 90 cultivars of freesia, hippeastrum and tulip; an extensive hybrid fund has been collected; sources of economically valuable traits have been allocated. Currently, xiphium and crocus are included in the breeding process. In the course of the research, bulbous and bulbotuberiferous flower crops collected by FRC SSC of RAS have been replenished with 26 domestic highly decorative cultivar samples, productive and resistant to abiotic and biotic factors, including 22 freesias, 2 hippeastrums and tulips. New cultivars are different in flowering terms: 7 of them have an early flowering term, 11 – with an average, 8 – with a late one. There are six groups according to the main colour of the perianth lobes: white – 4 cultivars, yellow – 5, red – 3, medium blue – 4, pink-purple – 8, black – 2.
Influence of soil tillage minimization on the density of southern chernozem in conditions of the dry steppe of the Southern UralsFedyunin, S A; Khalin, A V; Nesterenko, Yu M; Yu Nesterenko, M; Grintsov, D A
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1212/1/012023pmid: N/A
Article presents the results of studies on the effect of minimizing the main tillage on the bulk density of southern chernozem in the conditions of the dry steppe of the Southern Urals. Influence of the system of annual shallow tillage (Mini-till) and direct sowing technologies (No-till) on the density of the root layer and the general porosity of the soil during the cultivation of spring wheat was studied. It was revealed that the absence of soil loosening for several years leads to its compaction above the optimal values for most grain crops. The condition for the application of No-till technology has been determined - the formation of a layer of plant mlch, which loosens the top layer of soil to a depth of up to 15 cm and excludes its overcompaction. Absence of the influence of fine tillage on the density of the root layer of the soil was revealed, its role in the fight against weeds and the creation of technological conditions for sowing was confirmed. The compaction limit of the southern chernozem and its equilibrium density in the 15-40 cm horizon were determined.
Peculiarities of reproduction and dynamics of forests in the Southern Cis-UralsBastaeva, G T; Lyavdanskaya, O A; Koltunova, A I; Kubasov, A V; Smirnov, M S
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1212/1/012012pmid: N/A
The article presents statistical data on the dynamics of the forest fund of the Orenburg region. The study of changes in the state of the forest fund, its dynamics is the main means of forestry production, which is of great ecological importance with the possibility of developing rational forms of management in them. The natural and climatic conditions of the Southern Cis-Urals have a direct impact on the formation of forest ecosystems, which are the ecological framework of steppe landscapes. The study showed that during the analyzed period (2016-2019) the area of young stands decreased, and the stable growth of areas of mature and overmature plantations continues. The change in the age structure of the forest fund during the study period is relatively stable, but does not correspond to the optimal “normal forest” model. The factors that contribute to the reduction of the production potential of the forests of the Southern Cis-Urals under the conditions of unfavorable natural and climatic changes have been identified. One of the vectors for the conservation of existing forest resources is to maintain a balance between retired and restored forest areas, the main condition for the stabilization of which is the implementation of comprehensive reforestation and monitoring observations of forest pest and disease outbreaks. The reduction in the area of arrival of forest plantations, in the near future, will change the direction of stabilization of the age structure of forests.
Calculation specifics in the study of solar greenhouses with thermal energy accumulator in mindRasakhodjaev, B S; Boboeva, M O; Dilishatov, O U; Mashrapova, I R; Bekchanov, Sh B
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1212/1/012041pmid: N/A
The paper presents a simplified thermal model that allows estimating heat losses taking into account the main parameters: the surface of the greenhouse - a transparent fence, the bottom of the greenhouse - soil and the ratio of the design of greenhouses. A simplified thermal diagram of the greenhouse heat transfer has been compiled and, on the basis of the simplified thermal diagram, heat losses through the transparent enclosure, through the bottom, soil and structural ratios have been determined by calculation. Calculations show that with total solar radiation, 620 W/m2, heat loss through the surface of a transparent fence is 508 W/m2, in percentage terms it is 82%. At the same time, through the bottom (ground) 58 W / m2, in percentage terms they are 9%, the total heat loss is 566 W / m2, in percentage terms they are 91%. To reduce heat loss through the transparent enclosure, it is recommended to use more innovative materials, such as ceramic film with improved thermal insulation properties or low iron glass, extra clear glass, double-layer transparent enclosure, and it is also recommended to enclose one side of the greenhouse with a thermal insulation wall. According to calculations, in order to reduce heat losses through the bottom of the greenhouse, we recommend making a special deepening in the soil, since at large soil depths, a slow spread of soil temperature is observed, which will also lead to the least heat loss. To reduce heat losses through the bottom of the greenhouse, we recommend using thermal energy accumulators in the ground. Estimation of heat losses makes it possible to determine the required amount of heat loss through the surface and bottom of the greenhouse and, based on these calculations, carry out research work to reduce them.
Study of the preservation of phycocyanin in modules with milk proteins during pasteurizationNovokshanova, A L; Bilyalova, A S; Zorin, S N
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1212/1/012054pmid: N/A
The article presents the results of studying the degree of destruction of phycocyanin in the composition of the protein module under various pasteurization modes. The objects of the study were: dry sodium caseinate with a mass fraction of protein 85%, dry whey protein concentrate with a mass fraction of protein 80% in dry matter, phycocyanin extract containing 42.7 wt.% phycocyanins. 1% aqueous solutions were prepared from each object. Sorption of phycocyanin by the protein matrix was carried out by combining an aqueous solution of 1% phycocyanin with a 1% aqueous solution of protein in a ratio of 1:1, and thermostated at a temperature of (28.0 ± 0.5)°C for 60 min. The prepared modules were pasteurized under the following conditions: 30 minutes at 60°C, 2 minutes at 75°C and 0.5 minutes at 95°C. The concentration of phycocyanin in the samples was determined by the spectrophotometric method. Under the experimental conditions, spectrophotometry revealed a tendency to destruction of phycocyanin during pasteurization under the studied temperature conditions. It has been established that milk proteins to some extent can have a thermoprotective effect on phycocyanin. The greatest effect of preserving phycocyanin was achieved in the protein module with sodium caseinate after sample pasteurization at 60°C.
Fauna of Lepidoptera on wetlands damaged by peat extraction and undisturbed by human: analysis and comparison (Nizhny Novgorod region, Russia)Bakka, S V; Kiseleva, N Y; Bahtyurina, L A; Shestakova, A A; Matveeva, A V
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1212/1/012037pmid: N/A
This paper aimed to compare the diversity and abundance of fauna of Lepidoptera on wetland sites damaged by peat extraction and remained in their natural state, which locate on the territory of the Ramsar wetland in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The surveys were curried out monthly in May–September 2021. We used methods of attracting moths to a white screen using mercury and ultraviolet lamps (5 nights per each study plot). Diurnal butterflies were being identified along pedestrian routes (total length – 11.4 km) during a day. Indices characterizing the α- and β-diversity of Lepidoptera were calculated. At both plots, we revealed the species diversity of Macrolepidoptera more than 70%. According to our results the abundance and diversity of Macrolepidoptera in the study plots seem to be the same. In the course of succession, after the complete destruction of peat bogs and forests on a site surrounded by intact communities, species abundance and diversity is rapidly restored and reaches a high level. The composition of faunas in the transformed and undisturbed plots differs significantly; the similarity in Jacquard is 44.7%. The ecological features of butterfly species recorded only on one of the study plots were evaluated. The role of the surveyed territories as habitats of rare and endangered butterfly species is shown as well.
Ways to increase the efficiency of using agricultural machinery in performing technological operationsKhaliullin, D T; Belinsky, A V; Gayfullin, I Kh; Popoldnev, R S; Badretdinov, I D
doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1212/1/012055pmid: N/A
One of the ways to increase productivity of plowing unit is to meet the conditions of stability of the implement’s stroke at the least frictional forces of plough from pressure on the bottom and walls of the furrow. The direction of the traction line in the horizontal plane has a great influence on the resistance of the plough and the stability of its movement. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the optimal modes of operation of a tillage unit in the performance of technological operations. The laws of physical-mechanical and technological properties of soil were used in the analysis of working processes of agricultural machinery operation. Calculations were made to determine the tractor gauge for aggregating ploughs with different numbers of bodies and their working widths: the less hulls plough - the greater the pressure force, with 4 hulls the efficiency increases smoothly to 60% - 80%; with multibody ploughs (12 hull) efficiency can to 100%. The plow manufacturers should place the pull point at a distance from the center line towards the furrow by an amount equal to 1/3 of the length from the center of resistance to the pull point. Provided that plowing in the furrow: the track width of tractors when working with 1-4 body plows should be 0.65 … 0.95 m, when aggregating with plows from 5 to 14 bodies - 1.10 … 2, 69 m.