Archives of Internal Medicine

Futcher, Palmer Howard

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1961.03620040001001pmid: 13702730

Abstract William Osler was a man whom few have equalled in excellence as a clinician or in the appeal of his personality to laymen and to members of his profession alike. Doubtless these achievements can be ascribed to no single element in his environment, education, or personality. It is my purpose to present briefly information on his religious background and opinions which may have contributed to his development. Frequently, a concern to clarify one's own philosophy leads to consideration of the philosophy of those whom one respects. In particular, the character of Osler's religious views can be considered to have contemporary application today. Although he was born 75 years before many of us, I believe that the succession of influences to which he was exposed are similar to those encountered today by those physicians reared in homes where there was exposure to doctrines of traditional Christian religion. One who attempts to References 1. Osler's Aequanimitas and Other Addresses 2. Edelstein 1 to Carlyle's essay Signs of the Times. 3. From a letter to the author from William W. Francis, dated 1953. 4. The passage in Science and Immortality3 read: "One of my colleagues, hearing that I was to give the lecture, said to me, 'What do you know about immortality? You will say a few pleasant things, and quote the "Religio Medici," but there will be nothing certain.' " 5. This footnote to some comments of Osler's on the attitudes of moribund patients3,9 describes the dying English bishop as reproving the chaplin who was praying at his bedside, with "Don't be a fool, H. Pass the syphon!" The reader is left to guess whether the syphon's carbonated contents were sipped undiluted. 6. Mrs. Reid10 wrote concerning Osler's final illness, occurring as it did 16 months after his son Revere's death: "On a slip of paper was found, written during the last days of his life, these words: 'The Harbour almost reached after a splendid voyage with such companions all the way and my boy awaiting me.' " 7. Mrs. Wilkinson's study, Lions in the Way, was published in 1956.11 8. The Old Humanities and the New Science, p. 20.8 9. Edelstein, L.: William Osler's Philosophy , Bull. Hist. Med. 20:270, 1946. 10. Cushing, H.: The Life of Sir William Osier , Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1925, Vol. 1, p. 140. 11. Osier, W.: Science and Immortality , Boston, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1904. 12. Osler, W.: Man's Redemption of Man , London, Constable & Co., Ltd., 1910. 13. Osler, W.: A Way of Life , London, Constable & Co., Ltd., 1913. 14. Osler, W.: The Master Word in Medicine , Baltimore, J. Murphy Co., 1903. 15. Osler, W.: The Faith That Heals , Brit. Med. J. 1:1470, 1910.Crossref 16. Osler, W.: The Old Humanities and the New Science , Boston, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1920. 17. Osler, W.: The Student Life and Other Essays , edited by H. H. Bashford, London, Constable & Co., Ltd., 1928. 18. Reid, E. G.: The Great Physician: A Short Life of Sir William Osler , New York, Oxford University Press, 1931. 19. Wilkinson, A.: Lions in the Way: A Discursive History of the Oslers , Toronto, Brett-Macmillan, Ltd., 1956.

ZIMMERMAN, H. J.;CHOMET, B.;KULESH, M. H.;McWHORTER, C. A.

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1961.03620040020003pmid: 13788531

Abstract The diagnosis of hemochromatosis may be suspected when there is hepatomegaly, diabetes, and skin pigmentation, with or without gonadal atrophy.1,2 Traditionally, confirmation has depended on the demonstration of hemosiderin in sections of skin2 or in epithelial cells in the urine sediment.3 With the introduction of needle biopsy of the liver, direct diagnosis of this condition seemed available.4,5 Indeed, several investigators4-6 have emphasized the value of needle biopsy in the diagnosis of this disease. Hepatic hemosiderin deposits, however, are found in other diseases as well as in the constitutional disease, hemochromatosis.1,2,7-10 Large amounts of iron-containing pigment have been demonstrated in the livers of patients with refractory or hemolytic anemia receiving multiple blood transfusions11 and/or therapeutic doses of iron salts,12 in South African natives suffering from Kwashiorkor,13 and in alcoholic patients with cirrhosis.1,2,7-10,14 In an attempt to appraise the significance of increased References 1. Sheldon, J. H.: Haemochromatosis , London, Oxford University Press, 1935. 2. Finch, S. C., and Finch, C. A.: Idiopathic Hemochromatosis, Iron Storage Disease: Iron Metabolism in Hemochromatosis , Medicine (Balt.) 34:381, 1955.Crossref 3. Rous, P.: Urinary Siderosis: Hemosiderin Granules in the Urine as an Aid in the Diagnosis of Pernicious Anemia, Hemochromatosis and Other Diseases Causing Siderosis of the Kidney , J. Exp. Med. 28:645, 1918.Crossref 4. Iversen, P., and Warming-Larsen, A.: Case of Hemochromatosis Diagnosed by Liver Biopsy , Acta Med. Scand. ( (Supp. 206) ) 130:344, 1948.Crossref 5. Topp, J. H., and Lindert, M. C. F.: The Diagnosis of Hemochromatosis by Means of Needle Biopsy of the Liver , Gastroenterology 10: 813, 1948. 6. Sherlock, S.: Diseases of the Liver , Ed. 2, Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1958, p. 351. 7. Herbut, P. A., and Tamaki, H. T.: Cirrhosis of the Liver and Diabetes as Related to Hemochromatosis , Amer. J. Clin. Path. 16:640, 1946. 8. Bell, E. T.: The Relation of Portal Cirrhosis to Hemochromatosis and to Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetes 4:435, 1955. 9. Dubin, I. N.: Idiopathic Hemochromatosis and Transfusion Siderosis , Amer. J. Clin. Path. 25:514, 1955. 10. MacDonald, R. A., and Mallory, G. K.: Hemochromatosis and Hemosiderosis: Study of 211 Autopsied Cases , A.M.A. Arch. Intern. Med. 105:686, 1960.Crossref 11. Oliver, R. A. M.: Siderosis Following Transfusions of Blood , J. Path. Bact. 77:171, 1959Crossref 12. Wallerstein, R. O., and Robbins, S. L.: Hemochromatosis After Prolonged Oral Iron Therapy in a Patient with Chronic Hemolytic Anemia , Amer. J. Med. 14:256, 1953.Crossref 13. Gillman, J., and Gillman, T.: Pathogenesis of Cytosiderosis (Hemochromatosis) as Evidenced in Malnourished Africans , Gastroenterology 8:19, 1947. 14. Zimmerman, H. J.; Kulesh, M. H., and McWhorter, C.: The Significance of Hepatic Hemosiderosis in Patients with Liver Disease , Clin. Res. Proc. 2:24, 1954. 15. Lillie, R. D.: Histopathologic Technic and Practical Histochemistry , Ed. 2, New York, The Blakiston Company, Division of McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1954, p. 243. 16. Sachs, A., and Russum, B. C.: Hemochromatosis, Nebraska , Med. J. 22:121, 1937. 17. Schwartz, S. O.: Exogenous Hemochromatotosis: Concept and General Description , Amer. J, Clin. Path. 26:744, 1956. 18. Althausen, T. L.; Doig, R. K.; Weiden, S.; Motteram, R.; Turner, C. N., and Moore, A.: Hemochromatosis: Investigation of 23 Cases with Special Reference to Etiology, Nutrition, Iron Metabolism, and Studies of Hepatic and Pancreatic Function , A.M.A. Arch. Intern. Med. 88: 553, 1951.Crossref 19. Lunseth, J. H.; Olmstead, E. G., and Abboud, F.: A Study of Heart Disease in 108 Hospitalized Patients Dying with Portal Cirrhosis , A.M.A. Arch. Intern. Med. 102:405, 1958.Crossref 20. Brick, I. B., and Rath, C. E.: Familial Hemochromatosis: Comparison of Diagnostic Procedures in 7 Siblings with Liver Biopsy Findings , Clin. Res. 8:199, 1960. 21. Walker, A. R. P., and Arvidsson, U. B.: Iron Intake and Hemochromatosis in the Bantu , Nature (Lond.) 166:438, 1950.Crossref 22. MacDonald, R. A.: Experimental Pigment Cirrhosis: Its Production in Rats by Feeding a Choline Deficient Diet with Added Iron , Amer. J. Path. 36:499, 1960. 23. Kinney, T. D.; Kaufman, N., and Klavins, J. V.: Effect of Ethionine-Induced Pancreatic Damage on Iron Absorption , J. Exp. Med. 102: 151, 1955.Crossref 24. Boruff, C. S., (Hiram Walker and Sons, Inc.): Personal communication to the authors. 25. Mallory, F. B.; Parker, F., Jr., and Nye, R. N.: Experimental Pigment Cirrhosis Due to Copper and Its Relation to Hemochromatosis , J. Med. Res. 42:461, 1920. 26. Jandl, J. H.: The Anemia of Liver Disease: Observations on Its Mechanism , J. Clin. Invest. 34:390, 1955.Crossref 27. Zieve, L.: Jaundice, Hyperlipemia and Hemolytic Anemia: A Heretofore Unrecognized Syndrome Associated with Alcoholic Fatty Liver and Cirrhosis , Ann. Intern. Med. 48:471, 1958.Crossref 28. Duvernay, L.: De l'Hémosiderose viscérale et des cirrhoses dites pigmentaires, Thése de Lyon, 1905 29. Granick, S.: Iron Metabolism , Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med. 30:81, 1954. 30. Rumball, J. M.; Stone, C. M., Jr., and Hasset, C.: The Behavior of Serum Iron in Acute Hepatitis , Gastroenterology 36:219, 1959. 31. Goldberg, L., and Smith, J. P.: Iron Overloading and Hepatic Vulnerability , Amer. J. Path. 36:125, 1960.

AMMANN, R. W.;BOCKUS, H. L.

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1961.03620040030004pmid: 13683032

Abstract The effect of edema upon the anatomical structure of the small intestine may be the basic mechanism responsible for the development of regional enteritis. Our interest in the influence of edema upon the small intestine was stimulated by a study of histopathologic changes in Whipple's disease as compared with changes experimentally produced in animals by chylous obstruction.1 The predominant intestinal changes in experimentally produced obstructive lymphedema are distortion of the mucosal pattern and an inflammatory reaction of the lamina propria characterized by proliferation of plasmacytes and periodic acid-Schiff positive macrocytes. In reviewing intestinal sections of regional enteritis, it was noted that similar mucosal and inflammatory changes occurred in the proximal, preulcerative segments. Progressing in the examination from preulcerative to ulcerative segments a gradual increase of changes was observed. These alterations were associated with characteristic changes in the configuration of the Kerckring folds. It seemed possible that the changing configuration References 1. Ammann, R. W.: The Pathogenesis of Whipple's Disease: Investigations in Animal Experiments , in Proceedings of the World Congress of Gastroenterology, Baltimore, The Williams & Wilkins Company, 1959 , pp. 914-923. 2. Van Patter, W. N.; Bargen, J. A.; Dockerty, M. B.; Feldman, W. H.; Mayo, C. W., and Waugh, J. M.: Regional Enteritis , Gastroenterology 26:347, 1954. 3. Rappaport, H.; Burgoyne, F. H., and Smetana, H. F.: Histologic Lesions Encountered in Segmental Enteritis , Am. J. Path. 24:725, 1948. 4. Rappaport, H.: Burgoyne, F. H., and Smetana, H. F.: Pathology of Regional Enteritis , Mil. Surgeon 109:463, 1951. 5. Warren, S., and Sommers, S. C.: Cicatrizing Enteritis (Regional Ileitis) as Pathologic Entity: Analysis of 120 Cases , Am. J. Path. 24:475, 1948. 6. Warren, S., and Sommers, S. C.: Pathology of Regional Ileitis and Ulcerative Colitis , J.A.M.A. 154:189, 1954.Crossref 7. Hadfield, G.: The Primary Histological Lesion of Regional Ileitis , Lancet 2:773, 1939.Crossref 8. Schepers, G. W. H.: The Pathology of Regional Ileitis , Am. J. Digest. Dis. 12:97, 1945.Crossref 9. Blackburn, G.; Hadfield, G., and Hunt, A. H.: Regional Ileitis , St. Barth. Hosp. Rep. 72:181, 1939. 10. Crohn, B. B.: Regional Enteritis , New York, Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1949. 11. Mock, H. E.: Infective Granuloma , Surg. Gynec. & Obst. 52:672, 1931. 12. Colp, R.: A Case of Nonspecific Granuloma of the Terminal Ileum and Cecum , S. Clin. North America 14:443, 1934. 13. Sproull, J. A.: A Review of Some Features of Regional Enteritis , Am. J. Roentgenol. 36:910, 1936. 14. Meyer, K. A., and Rosi, P. A.: Regional Enteritis (Non-Specific) , Surg. Gynec. & Obst. 62:977, 1936. 15. Erb, I. H., and Farmer, A. N.: Ileocolitis , Surg. Gynec. & Obst. 61:6, 1935. 16. Teilum, G.: Periodic Acid-Schiff-Positive Reticulo-Endothelial Cells Producing Glycoproteins , Am. J. Path. 32:945, 1956. 17. Liber, A. F.: Aberrant Pyloric Glands in Regional Ileitis , A.M.A. Arch. Path. 51:205, 1951. 18. Kawel, C. A., Jr., and Tesluk, H.: Brunner-Type Glands in Regional Enteritis , Gastroenterology 28:810, 1955. 19. Reichert, F. L., and Mathes, M. E.: Experimental Lymphedema of the Intestinal Tract and Its Relation to Regional Cicatrizing Enteritis , Ann. Surg. 104:601, 1936. 20. Bockus, H. L.: Present Status of Chronic Regional or Cicatrizing Enteritis , J.A.M.A. 127: 449, 1945. 21. Uebelhardt, R., and Cottier, H.: Regionale Ileitis als Spätischaden nach operierter Darmund Mesenterillymphknotentuberkulose , Schweiz. med. Wchnschr. 86:925, 1956.

ALEXANDER, CARL S.;ZIEVE, LESLIE

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1961.03620040040005pmid: 13682326

Abstract During the past 10 years much effort has been directed toward developing a fat emulsion for intravenous use. These efforts have been hampered by the high incidence of side-effects occurring during the infusion itself or shortly thereafter.1-4 With the development of newer fat emulsions, such as cottonseed oil emulsion (Lipomul-I.V.; Upjohn Company), these acute side-effects associated with its administration have been reduced to an acceptable minimum,5-10 and its use has recently been recommended as a caloric supplement in situations where oral feeding is not adequate to meet requirements.8,9,14 Though many papers have dealt with the chronic effects of fat infusions, and much valuable information has resulted,5-13 References 1. Geyer, R. P.; Watkin, D. M.; Matthews, L. W., and Stare, F. J.: Parenteral Nutrition: XI. Studies with Stable and Unstable Fat Emulsions Administered Intravenously , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 77:872, 1951. 2. Waddell, W. R.; Geyer, R. P.; Olsen, F. R.; Andrus, S. B., and Stare, F. J.: Clinical Experience with Intravenous Infusion of Emulsified Fat , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 45:697, 1955. 3. Johnson, W. A.; Freeman, S., and Meyer, K. A.: Some Effects of Intravenous Fat Emulsions on Human Subjects , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 39:176, 1952. 4. Jordan, P. H., Jr.; Wilson, P., and Stuart, J.: Observations on Patient Tolerance with Intravenous Administration of Fat Emulsion , Surg. Gynec. & Obstet. 102:737, 1956. 5. Forbes, A. L.: Symposium on Intravenous Fat Emulsions: Incidence of Reactions to an Intravenous Fat Emulsion Administered at 2 Different Rates , Metabolism 6:645 (Nov., Pt. (2) ) 1957. 6. Glas, W. W., and Birkelo, C. H.: Symposium on Intravenous Fat Emulsions: A Clinical Evaluation of an Intravenous Fat Emulsion , Metabolism 6:650 (Nov., Pt. (2) ) 1957. 7. Jordan, P. H., Jr.: Symposium on Intravenous Fat Emulsions: Intravenous Administration of an Improved Fat Emulsion , Metabolism 6:656 (Nov., Pt. (2) ) 1957. 8. Bozian, R. C.; Davidson, N. W.; Stutzman, L. J., and Wilkinson, C. F., Jr.: Symposium on Intravenous Fat Emulsions: Observations on the Use of Intravenous Fat Emulsions in Man , Metabolism 6:703 (Nov., Pt. (2) ) 1957. 9. Smith, M. E.: Symposium on Intravenous Fat Emulsions: Clinical Studies on Intravenous Fat , Metabolism 6:717 (Nov., Pt. (2) ) 1957. 10. Ellison, E. H., and Mueller, E. C.: Symposium on Intravenous Fat Emulsions: Further Observations on Fat Emulsion for Intravenous Infusion; Experience with Total Parenteral Nutrition Using Lipomul-I.V. , Metabolism 6:774 (Nov., Pt. (2) ) 1957. 11. Watkin, D. M.: Symposium on Intravenous Fat Emulsions: Clinical, Chemical, Hematologic and Anatomic Changes Accompanying Repeated Intravenous Administration of Fat Emulsion to Man , Metabolism 6:785 (Nov., Pt. (2) ) 1957. 12. Levenson, S. M.; Upjohn, H. L., and Sheehy, T. W.: Symposium on Intravenous Fat Emulsions: Two Severe Reactions Following the Long-Term Infusion of Large Amounts of Intravenous Fat Emulsion , Metabolism 6:807 (Nov., Pt. (2) ) 1957. 13. Becker, G. H., and Buxbaum, M.: Symposium on Intravenous Fat Emulsions: Clinical and Chemical Evaluation of Intravenous Fat Emulsion with Particular Reference to Changes of Serum Electrolytes , Metabolism 6:766 (Nov., Pt. (2) ) 1957. 14. Cole, W. H.: Fat Emulsion for Intravenous Use , Editorial, J.A.M.A. 166:1042, 1958. 15. Turner, T. J., and Eales, L.: Quantitative Determination of Cholesterol in Serum with P-Toluene Sulphonic Acid , Scandinav. J. Clin. & Lab. Invest. 9:210, 1957. 16. Hawk, P. B.; Oser, B. L., and Summerson, W. H.: Practical Physiological Chemistry , Ed. 13, New York, The Blakiston Company, Division of McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1954, p. 454, 589. 17. Dole, V. P.: A Relation Between Non-Esterified Fatty Acids in Plasma and the Metabolism of Glucose , J. Clin. Invest. 35:150, 1956. 18. Van Handel, E., and Zilversmit, D. B.: Micromethod for the Direct Determination of Serum Triglycerides , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 50: 152, 1957. 19. Marinetti, G. V.; Erbland, J., and Kochen, J.: Quantitative Chromatography of Phosphatides , Fed. Proc. 16:837, 1957. 20. Siler, J. F.; Dunham, G. C.; Longfellow, D., and Luippold, G. F.: Immunization to Typhoid Fever , Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1941, p. 158. 21. Creger, W. P.; Choy, S. H., and Rantz, L. A.: Experimental Determination of the Hypersensitive Diathesis in Man , J. Immunol. 66: 445, 1951. 22. Mueller, J. F.; Grossman, M. I., and Moeller, H. C.: Effect of Intravenous Fat Emulsions on Total Bilirubin Output as a Measure of Hemolysis in Human Subjects , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 48:379, 1956. 23. Hartroft, W. S.: In Vitro and in Vivo Production of a Ceroid-Like Substance from Erythrocytes and Certain Lipids , Science 113:673, 1951.Crossref 24. Peltier, L. F.: An Appraisal of the Problem of Fat Embolism , Internat. Abstr. Surg. 104: 313, 1957; in Surg. Gynec. & Obst. 25. Lynch, M. J. G.; Raphael, S. S., and Dixon, T. P.: Fat Embolism in Chronic Alcoholism , A.M.A. Arch. Path. 67:68, 1959. 26. Zieve, L.: Jaundice, Hyperlipemia and Hemolytic Anemia: A Heretofore Unrecognized Syndrome Associated with Alcoholic Fatty Liver and Cirrhosis , Ann. Int. Med. 48:471, 1958.Crossref 27. Zieve, L., and Alexander, C. S.: Unpublished observations. 28. Grossman, M. I., and Strub, I. H.: Effect of Heparin on Fate of Intravenously Administered Fat Emulsions in Rats , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 85:356, 1954.

SOHAR, EZRA;PRASS, MORDECHAI;HELLER, JORAM;HELLER, HARRY

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1961.03620040055006pmid: N/A

Abstract Introduction It has been stated in former papers1,2 that Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a genetic disorder practically restricted to people from the wider Mediterranean area. This being of basic importance in the understanding of the disease and in research as to its nature, it is pertinent to report the results of a country-wide investigation which establishes the genetic behavior and the ethnic distribution of FMF within the popution of Israel.The conditions in Israel are particularly favorable for a project of this sort. The present population is composed of ethnic groups who for centuries were separated from one another and married each within the group. Genetic peculiarities, therefore, should manifest themselves distinctly. In addition, reliable population statistics are available from which the countries of origin can be calculated,3 and the small total population makes a general survey a feasible undertaking. Methods and Material Our case material has References 1. Evidently there are more sibships than kinships, because some kinships contain more than one sibship. 2. Heller, H.; Kariv, I.; Sherf, L., and Sohar, E.: Familial Mediterranean Fever , Harefuah 48: 91, 1955. 3. Heller, H.; Sohar, E., and Sherf, L.: Familial Mediterranean Fever , A.M.A. Arch. Intern. Med. 102:50, 1958.Crossref 4. Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem: Social Statistics , Vol. 9, No. (8) , Jerusalem, the Bureau, 1958. 5. Szeinberg, A.; Sheba, C., and Adam, A.: Selective Occurrence of Glutathione Instability in Red Blood Corpuscles of the Various Jewish Tribes , Blood 13:1043, 1958. 6. Stern, C.: Principles of Human Genetics , San Francisco, W. H. Freeman & Co., 1950. 7. Goldschmidt, E.; Ronen, I., and Ronen, A.: Changing Marriage Systems in the Jewish Communities of Israel , Ann. Hum. Genet. , to be published. 8. Information from Ben-Zvi Institute, Jerusalem. 9. Harris, H.: An Introduction to Human Biochemical Genetics , London, Cambridge University Press, 1953. 10. Alt, H. L., and Barker, M. H.: Fever of Unknown Origin , J.A.M.A. 94:1457, 1930.Crossref 11. Althausen, T. L.; Deamer, W. C., and Kerr, W. J.: The False "Acute Abdomen," Ann. Surg. 106:242, 1937.Crossref 12. Siegal, S.: Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis , Ann. Intern. Med. 23:1, 1945.Crossref 13. Reimann, H. A.: Periodic Disease: Probable Syndrome Including Periodic Fever, Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis, Cyclic Neutropenia, and Intermittent Arthralgia , J.A.M.A. 136:239, 1948.Crossref 14. Siegal, S.: Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis , Gastroenterology 12:234, 1949. 15. Reimann, H. A.: Periodic Disease: Periodic Fever, Periodic Abdominalgia, Cyclic Neutropenia, Intermittent Arthralgia, Angioneurotic Edema, Anaphylactoid Purpura and Periodic Paralysis , J.A.M.A. 141:175, 1949.Crossref 16. Willis, W. H.: Treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis with Para-Aminobenzoic Acid , J.A.M.A. 147:654, 1951.Crossref 17. Brick, I. B., and Cajigas, M.: Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis: Surgical and Histological Findings , New Engl. J. Med. 244:786, 1951.Crossref 18. Tchetchick, M.: Periodic Disease , Harefuah 42:141, 1951. 19. Mamou, H., and Cattan, R.: La Maladie périodique (sur 14 cas personnels dont 8 compliqués de néphropathies) , Sem. Hop. Paris 28: 1062, 1952. 20. Camatte, G.; Rouquette, M., and Ruiz, M.: Un Cas de maladie périodique , Bull. Soc. Med. Hop. Paris 69:60, 1953. 21. Mamou, H., and Bernard, A.: Deux nouveaux Cas de maladie périodique , Bull. Soc. Med. Hop. Paris 69:431, 1953. 22. Siguier, F.; Welti, J. J.; Zara, M., and Funck-Brentano, J. L.: Maladie périodique à manifestations particulierement aberrantes , Bull. Soc. Med. Hop. Paris 69:422, 1953. 23. Siguier, F.; Zara, M.; Funck-Brentano, J. L., and Lagrue, G.: Maladie périodique a forme rhumatismale pure , Bull. Soc. Med. Hop. Paris 69:427, 1953. 24. Siguier, F.; Zara, M.; Funck-Brentano, J. L., and Lagrue, G.: Maladies périodiques a formes dégradées évoluant chez plusieurs membres d'une même famille , Bull. Soc. Med. Hop. Paris 69:679, 1953. 25. Berardinelli, W.; de Castro, A.; Teixeira, W., and de Castro, A.: La Maladie périodique au Brésil , Presse Med. 61:1645, 1953. 26. Shapiro, J., and Treinin, N.: Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis , Dapim Refuiim 12:233, 1953. 27. Reimann, H. A.: Periodic Disease: Observation on Old Cases and Report of New Cases and of Therapeutic Trials , A.M.A. Arch. Intern. Med. 92:494, 1953.Crossref 28. Calligaris, G.: Due casi familiari de "malattia periodica," Minerva Pediat. 5:781, 1953. 29. Cattan, R.: Les Néphropathies de la maladie périodique , Presse Med. 63:237, 1955. 30. Hitzig, W. H., and Fanconi, G.: Das "periodische Fieber" und seine Differentialdiagnose , Helv. Paediat. Acta 8:326, 1953. 31. Siguier, F., and Sebaoun, J.: Maladie périodique avec crises de sialhorhée et neutropénie cycliques , Bull. Soc. Med. Hop. Paris 70:27, 1954. 32. Cattan, R.: Maladie périodique: Dix observations et deux hypothéses , Bull. Soc. Med. Hop. Paris 70:43, 1954. 33. Mamou, H.: Nouveaux Cas de maladie périodique: Remarques biologiques et pathogéniques , Bull. Soc. Med. Hop. Paris 70:520, 1954. 34. Benhamou, E.; Albou, A.; Destain, F.; Ferrand, B., and Boineau, N.: Périartérie noueuse et maladie périodique , Bull. Soc. Med. Hop. Paris 70:247, 1954. 35. Bonan, H.: Periarterite noueuse et maladie périodique , Tunisie Med. 43:79, 1955. 36. Shwayri, E., and Tutunji, N.: Periodic Disease: Report of a Case of Recurrent Abdominal and Thoracic Pain with Synchronous Gross Hematuria , A.M.A. Arch. Intern. Med. 95:337, 1955.Crossref 37. Monnet, M. P.: Premiere Observation Lyonaise autochtone (Publiée) de la maladie périodique , Lyon Med. 88:291, 1956. 38. Benhamou. E.; Albou, A., and Sayag, P.: La Maladie périodique a propos de 38 cas personnels , Algerie Med. 59:809, 1955. 39. Alkalay, I.; Shenfield, M., and Levy, E.: Familial Periodic Disease with Renal Damage , J.A.M.A. 170:653, 1959.Crossref 40. Artunbal, S., and Seyahi, V.: Five Cases of Periodic Disease , Turk. Tip. Cem. Meo. 21: 282, 1955. 41. Bendelac, J.: Une curieuse Affection: La maladie périodique , Maroc. Med. 31:808, 1952. 42. Berardinelli, W.: Pathothermie périodique chez un enfant d'un an , Presse Med. 62:1145, 1954. 43. Bickel, C., and Lasserne, R.: La Maladie de Siegal-Cattan-Mamou , J. Suisse Med. 87:5, 1957. 44. Billiottet, J.; Renner, R.; Zittoun, R., and Gandin, J.: Sur un Cas de maladie dite périodique , Bull. Soc. Med. Hop. Paris 74:377, 1958. 45. Bloede, G.: Maladie périodique et rhytmes biologiques , Maroc. Med. 33:7, 1954. 46. Capdeville, J., and Charles, R.: A propos de la Maladie périodique , Maroc. Med. 37:1031, 1958. 47. Ferrand, M., and Willocher, D.: Maladie périodique , Algerie Med. 58:19, 1954. 48. Frank, P.: Case of "Periodic Disease," Ned. T. Geneesk. 100:2199, 1956. 49. Lista, C. A., and Muller, A. O.: La enfermedad periódica: A proposito de una observacion de "peritonitis periodica," Prensa Med. Argent. 42:3110, 1955. 50. Mamou, H.: La Maladie périodique , Paris, Expansion scientifique francaise, 1956, pp. 169. 51. Neimann, N.; Pierson, M.; Lascombes, G., and Ducas, J.: Deux Cas de maladie périodique , Rev. Med. Nancy. 83:806, 1958. 52. Reimann, H. A.; Moadié, J.; Semerdjian, S., and Sahyoun, P. F.: Periodic Peritonitis: Heredity and Pathology; Report of 72 Cases (in Armenians and Arabs) , J.A.M.A. 154:1254, 1954.Crossref 53. Sarles, H., and Bernard, P.: Maladie périodique: Constation par laparoscopie d'une intense vasodilation périotonéale au cours des crises: Action du penthonium et de la dihydroergotamine , Marseille Méd. 93:231, 1956. 54. Tuqan, N. A.: Periodic Disease: A Clinical-Pathological Study , Ann. Intern. Med. 49:885, 1958.Crossref 55. Yarkin, C., and Bankman, N.: La Maladie périodique en Turquie , Presse Med. 65:1633, 1957. 56. Amerio, A., and Salonna, L.: Considerazioni du di un caso di malattia periodica , Policlinico 65:236, 1958. 57. Marmarali, A.: A Curious Abdominal Syndrome , Turk. Tip. Cem. Mec. 7:12, 1946. 58. Riemann, H. A.: Periodic Disease, Correspondence , J.A.M.A. 171:857, 1959.Crossref 59. Priest, J. R., and Nixon, R. T.: Familial Recurring Polyserositis, Correspondence , J.A.M.A. 171:2131, 1959.Crossref

HELLER, HARRY;SOHAR, EZRA;GAFNI, JOSEPH;HELLER, JORAM

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1961.03620040065007pmid: 13713112

Abstract Renal disease occurs frequently in familial Mediterranean fever (F.M.F.) and is of grave prognostic significance. Mamou and Cattan, the first to recognize this, published detailed case histories and noted the familial pattern of occurrence.1 In 1952 we diagnosed amyloidosis as the cause of nephrotic syndrome in one of our patients, and autopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Since other cases of F.M.F. with signs of renal disease were already under observation, we considered the possibility of an inherent relationship between F.M.F. and amyloidosis.2,3 Since then, all autopsied cases of F.M.F. reported in the literature have disclosed amyloidosis,4-6 further strengthening this possibility. If we consider that in F.M.F. amyloidosis appears, most unusually and almost uniquely, as a part of a genetic disorder,7-9 it seems important to report our experience in a series of cases in various stages of renal disease who have been observed over many years. Material Our References 1. Mamou, H., and Cattan, R.: La Maladie périodique (sur 14 cas personnels dont 8 compliqués de néphropathies) , Sem. hôp. Paris 28:1062, 1952. 2. Heller, H.; Kariv, I.; Sherf, L., and Sohar, E.: Familial Mediterranean Fever , Harefuah 48: 91, 1955. 3. Heller, H.; Sohar, E., and Sherf, L.: Familial Mediterranean Fever , A.M.A. Arch. Int. Med. 102:50, 1958.Crossref 4. Alkalay, I.; Shenfield, M., and Levy, E.: Familial Periodic Disease with Renal Damage , J.A.M.A. 170:653, 1959.Crossref 5. Mamou, H.: La Maladie périodique—Expansion scientifique française , Paris, pp. 169, 1956. 6. Tuqan, N. A.: Periodic Disease: A Clinical-Pathological Study , Ann. Int. Med. 49:885, 1958.Crossref 7. Sohar, E.; Heller, J.; Prass, M., and Heller, H.: Genetics of Familial Mediterranean Fever— A Disorder with Recessive Inheritance , Arch. Int. Med. , this issue, p. 529. 8. Rukavina, J. G.; Block, W. D.; Jackson, C. E.; Falls, H. F.; Carey, J. H., and Curtis, A. C.: Primary Systemic Amyloidosis: A Review and an Experimental, Genetic and Clinical Study of 29 Cases with Particular Emphasis on the Familial Form , Medicine 35:239, 1956.Crossref 9. Furtado, D.: Paramyloidose de forma neuritica: uma doenca portuguesa , Rev. port. med. 6:151, 1958. 10. Gafni, J., and Sohar, E.: Rectal Biopsy for the Diagnosis of Amyloidosis , Am. J. Med. Sc. 240:332, 1960.Crossref 11. Alt, H. L., and Barker, M. H.: Fever of Unknown Origin , J.A.M.A. 94:1457, 1930.Crossref 12. Althausen, T. L.; Deamer, W. C., and Kerr, W. J.: The False "Acute Abdomen ," Ann. Surg. 106:242, 1937.Crossref 13. Siegal, S.: Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis , Ann. Int. Med. 23:1, 1945.Crossref 14. Reimann, H. A.: Periodic Disease: Probable Syndrome Including Periodic Fever, Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis, Cyclic Neutropenia, and Intermittent Arthralgia , J.A.M.A. 136:239, 1948.Crossref 15. Siegal, S.: Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis , Gastroenterology 12:234, 1949. 16. Reimann, H. A.: Periodic Disease: Periodic Fever, Periodic Abdominalgia, Cyclic Neutropenia, Intermittent Arthralgia, Angioneurotic Edema, Anaphylactoid Purpura and Periodic Paralysis , J.A.M.A. 141:175, 1949.Crossref 17. Willis, W. H.: Treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis with Para-Aminobenzoic Acid , J.A.M.A. 147:654, 1951.Crossref 18. Brick, I. B., and Cajigas, M.: Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis: Surgical and Histological Findings , New England J. Med. 244:786, 1951.Crossref 19. Tchetchick, M.: Periodic Disease , Harefuah 42:141, 1951. 20. Camatte, G.; Rouquette, M., and Ruiz, M.: Un cas de maladie périodique , Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. hôp. Paris 69:60, 1953. 21. Mamou, H., and Bernard, A.: Deux nouveaux cas de maladie périodique , Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. hôp. Paris 69:431, 1953. 22. Siguier, F.; Welti, J. J.; Zara, M., and Funck-Brentano, J. L.: Maladie périodique a manifestations particulierement aberrantes , Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. hôp. Paris 69:422, 1953. 23. Siguier, F.; Zara, M.; Funck-Brentano, J. L., and Lagrue, G.: Maladie périodique à forme rhematismale pure , Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. hôp. Paris 69:427, 1953. 24. Siguier, F.; Zara, M.; Funck-Brentano, J. L., and Lagrue, G.: Maladies périodiques à formes dégradées évoluant chez plusieurs membres d'une même famille , Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. hôp. Paris 69:679, 1953. 25. Berardinelli, W.; de Castro, A.; Teixeira, W., and de Castro, A.: La Maladie périodique au Brésil , Presse méd. 61:1645, 1953. 26. Shapiro, J., and Treinin, N.: Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis , Dapim Refuiim 12:233, 1953. 27. Reimann, H. A.: Periodic Disease: Observation on Old Cases and Report of New Cases and of Therapeutic Trials , A.M.A. Arch. Int. Med. 92:494, 1953.Crossref 28. Calligari, G.: Due casi familiari di "malattia periodica ," Minerva pediat. 5:781, 1953. 29. Cattan, R.: Les Néphropathies de la maladie périodique , Presse méd. 63:237, 1955. 30. Hitzig, W. H., and Fanconi, G.: Das "periodische Fieber" und seine Differentialdiagnose , Helvet. paediat. acta 8:326, 1953. 31. Siguier, F., and Sebaoun, J.: Maladie périodique avec crises de sialhorhée et neutropénie cycliques , Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. hôp. Paris 70: 27, 1954. 32. Cattan, R.: Maladie périodique: Dix observations et deux hypothéses , Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. hôp. Paris 70:43, 1954. 33. Mamou, H.: Nouveaux cas de maladie périodique: Remarques biologiques et pathogéniques , Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. hôp. Paris 70: 520, 1954. 34. Benhamou, E.; Albou, A.; Destain, F.; Ferrand, B., and Boineau, N.: Périartérie noueuse et maladie périodique , Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. hôp. Paris 70:247, 1954. 35. Bonan, H.: Périartérite noueuse et maladie périodique , Tunis. méd. 43:79, 1955. 36. Shwayri, E., and Tutunji, N.: Periodic Disease: Report of a Case of Recurrent Abdominal and Thoracic Pain with Synchronous Gross Hematuria , A.M.A. Arch. Int. Med. 95:337, 1955.Crossref 37. Monnet, M. P.: Premiere Observation Lyonaise autochtone (Publiée) de la maladie périodique , Lyon méd. 88:291, 1956. 38. Benhamou, E.; Albou, A., and Sayag, P.: La Maladie périodique a propos de 38 cas personnels , Algérie méd. 59:809, 1955. 39. Artunkal, S., and Seyahi, V.: Five Cases of Periodic Disease , Türk. Tip. Cem. mec. 21:282, 1955. 40. Bendelac, J.: Une curieuse Affection: La maladie periodique , Maroc méd. 31:808, 1952. 41. Berardinelli, W.: Pathothermia périodique chez un enfant d'un an , Presse méd. 62:1145, 1954. 42. Bickel, C., and Lasserne, R.: La Maladie de Siegal-Cattan-Mamou , Schweiz. méd. Wchnschr. 87:5, 1957. 43. Billiottet, J.; Renner, R.; Zittoun, R., and Gandin, J.: Sur un cas de maladie dite périodique , Bull. Soc. méd. hôp. Paris 74:377, 1958. 44. Bloede, G.: Maladie périodique et rhytmes biologiques , Maroc méd. 33:7, 1954. 45. Capdeville, J., and Charles, R.: A propos de la Maladie periodique , Maroc méd. 37:1031, 1958. 46. Ferrand, M., and Widlocher, D.: Maladie periodique , Algérie méd. 58:19, 1954. 47. Frank, P.: A Case of Periodic Disease , Nederl. tijdschr. geneesk. 31:100, 1956. 48. Lista, G. A., and Muller, A. O.: Periodic Disease Concerning an Observation of Periodic Peritonitis , Prensa méd. argent. 42:3110, 1955. 49. Neimann, N.; Pierson, M.; Lascombes, G., and Ducas, J.: Deux cas de maladie periodic , Rev. méd. Nancy 83:806, 1958. 50. Sarles, H., and Bernard, P.: Maladie périodique: constantation par laparoscopie d'une intense vasodilatation péritonéale au cours des crises; action du penthonium et de la dehydroergotamine , Marseille-méd. 93:231, 1956. 51. Yarkin, C., and Benkman, N.: La Maladie periodic en Turquie , Presse méd. 65:1633, 1957. 52. Amerio, A., and Salonna, L.: Considerazioni su di un caso di malattia periodica , Policlinico 65: 216, 1958. 53. Marmarali, A.: A Curious Abdominal Syndrome , Türk. Tip. Cem. mec. 7:12, 1946. 54. Wuhrman, F., and Wunderly, C.: Die Bluteiweisskoerper des Menschen , Basel, Benno Schwabe & Co., 1957. 55. He died of amyloidosis while this paper was being written. He is not included in the series.

OSTFELD, ADRIAN M.

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1961.03620040077008pmid: 13731509

Abstract Several reports have dealt with the vasomotor instability that is sometimes part of acute poliomyelitis.1-8 Hypertension and shock, the former numerically predominant, have been described. In a study based on thousands of blood pressure measurements in poliomyelitis patients, Kemp noted a transient rise in blood pressure in over half the fatal cases and in more than a third of those who developed the bulbar or bulbospinal form of the disease.1 In other series, the incidence of elevated blood pressure in acutely ill poliomyelitis patients varied from 7%4 to 47%.2 The hypertension has been attributed either to damage of the bulbar vasomotor centers by the virus or to the anoxia and carbon dioxide retention secondary to respiratory paralysis. In general, the hypertension of the acute phase has been more common in those groups with bulbar involvement1-3,8 and with respiratory paralysis.2,4 Renal dysfunction during the acute References 1. Kemp, E.: Arterial Hypertension in Poliomyelitis , Acta med. scandinav. 157:109-118 ( (April) ) 1957.Crossref 2. MacDowell, F. H., and Plum, F.: Arterial Hypertension Associated with Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis , New England J. Med. 245:241-245 ( (Aug. 16) ) 1951.Crossref 3. Lochmund, H.: Hypertension in Poliomyelitis , Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 75:450-452, 1950.Crossref 4. Weinstein, L., and Shelokov, A.: Cardiovascular Manifestations in Acute Poliomyelitis , New England J. Med. 244:281-285 ( (Feb.) ) 1951.Crossref 5. Coryllos, E.: Etiology and Occurrence of Arterial Hypertension in Poliomyelitis: A Review of the Literature , Arch. Pediat. 70:122-134 ( (April) ) 1953. 6. Steigman, F.: Conference on Respiratory Problems in Poliomyelitis , Houston, Texas, (January 26) -28, 1951: Report of the Cardiovascular Committee, pp. 21-41 7. Report of the Central Nervous System Committee, pp. 57-75. 8. Perlstein, M. A.; Andelman, M. B.; Rosner, D. C., and Wehrle, P. F.: Incidence of Hypertension in Poliomyelitis , Pediatrics 11:628-633 ( (June) ) 1953. 9. Grulee, C. G., Jr., and Panos, T. C.: Epidemic Poliomyelitis in Children , Am. J. Dis. Child. 75:24-39, 1948.Crossref 10. Vickers, H. D.: Anterior Poliomyelitis: Relation to Hypertension in Young Adults , New York J. Med. 40:55-56 ( (Jan.) ) 1940. 11. Zimanyi, I.; Prohaszka, M.; Szondy, M., and Ormai, S.: Arterial Hypertension After Poliomyelitis , Orv. Hetil. 100( (16) )19:573-577 (April) 1959. 12. Daeschner, C. W.; Moyer, J. H., and Pfeiffer, E. M.: Renal Hemodynamic Studies in Patients with Extensive Paralysis , J. Chron. Dis. 7:43-51 ( (Jan.) ) 1958.Crossref 13. Edwards, A. L.: Statistical Methods for the Behavioral Sciences , New York, Rinehart & Company, 1954. 14. Pickering, G. W.: High Blood Pressure , New York, Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1955. 15. Thomas, C. B.: Experimental Hypertension from Section of Moderator Nerves , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 74:335-379, 1944. 16. Nowak, S. J.: Chronic Hypertension Produced by Carotid and Aortic-Depressor Nerve Section , Ann. Surg. 111:102-111 ( (Jan.) ) 1940.Crossref 17. Roddie, I. C., and Shepherd, J. T.: Receptors in the High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Vascular Systems , Lancet 1:493-495 ( (March 8) ) 1958.Crossref 18. Roddie, I. C.; Whelan, R. F., and Shepherd, J. T.: Reflex Changes in Human Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow Associated with Intrathoracic Pressure Changes , Circulation Res. 6:232-238 ( (May) ) 1958.Crossref 19. Maloney, J. V., Jr., and Whittenberger, J. L.: Circulatory Effects of the Body Respirator , Am. J. Med. 8:393 ( (March) ) 1950.Crossref 20. White, K. L.; Martin, D. A., and Vernon, C. R.: Venous Pressure, Emotions and Congestive Heart Failure , J. Chron. Dis. 10:163 ( (Sept.) ) 1959.Crossref 21. Gucker, T., III; Green, W. T., and Anderson, M.: Circulatory Changes in the Extremities Associated with Infantile Paralysis and in Relation to the Occurrence of Shortening , paper read at American Orthopedic Association Meeting, Colorado Springs, June, 1948 . 22. Trott, A. W.; Nesline, M. D., and Green, W. T.: The Chronology of Circulatory Changes in Poliomyelitis , J. Bone & Joint Surg. 40A:245-255 ( (April) ) 1958. 23. Trott, A. W.; Hellstrom, M. D., and Green, W. T.: The Apparent Absence of Significant Primary Vasospasm in Acute Spinal Poliomyelitis , Pediatrics 17:230-235 ( (Feb.) ) 1956.

BUCKWALTER, JOSEPH A.;KARK, ALLAN E.;KNOWLER, LLOYD A.

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1961.03620040084009pmid: N/A

Abstract Human genetics is regarded by many clinicians as a vague discipline at the periphery of the main stream of medicine, contributing little to medical science or practice. This is related to a dearth of experimental tools and techniques which can be effectively used to study hereditary factors in human disease and to lack of familiarity with those which are available. Controlled animal and plant breeding experiments have given us understanding of genetic mechanisms but may not be directly applied to the human species. Since controlled human breeding experiments are impossible, the human geneticist has had to rely on family pedigree studies. These are of limited value because they are time-consuming, because of difficulty in interpretation, and because results are frequently inconclusive. Such studies are frequently impossible because of social or economic factors. During the past 5 years evidence has been found of associations between the ABO blood groups and various References 1. Roberts, J. A. F.: Blood Groups and Susceptibility to Disease , Brit. J. Prev. & Soc. Med. 11:107-125 ( (July) ) 1957. 2. Newman, E.; Naifeh, G. S.; Auer, J. E., and Buckwalter, J. A.: Secretion of ABH Antigens in Peptic Ulceration and Gastric Carcinoma, to be published. 3. Clarke, C. A.; Evans, D. A. P.; McConnell, R. B., and Sheppard, P. M.: Secretion of Blood Group Antigens and Peptic Ulcer , Brit. M.J. 1:603-607 ( (March 7) ) 1959. 4. Jerzy Glass, G. B.; Ishimor, A., and Buckwalter, J. A.: ABO(H) Blood Group Substances of the Gastric Juice in Peptic Ulcer, Cancer of the Stomach and Atrophic Lesions of the Gastric Mucosa, to be published. 5. Manuila, A.: Blood Groups and Disease: Hard Facts and Delusions , J.A.M.A. 167:2047-2053 ( (Aug. 23) ) 1958. 6. Roberts, J. A. F.: Some Associations Between Blood Groups and Disease , Brit. M. Bull. 15:129-133, 1959. 7. Buckwalter, J. A.; Turner, J. H.; Raterman, L.; Tidrick, R. T., and Knowler, L. A.: Ethnologic Aspects of the ABO Blood Groups: Disease Associations , J.A.M.A. 165:327-329 ( (Sept. 28) ) 1957. 8. Buckwalter, J. A.: Medicine in the Union of South Africa , Iowa State J. 49:661-667 ( (Nov.) ) 1959. 9. Buckwalter, J. A.; Turner, J. H.; Gamber, H. H.; Raterman, L.; Soper, R. T., and Knowler, L. A.: Psychoses, Intracranial Neoplasms, and Genetics , A.M.A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 81: 480-485 ( (April) ) 1959. 10. Buckwalter, J. A., and Knowler, L. A.: Blood Donor Controls for Blood Group Disease Researches , Am. J. Human Genet. 10:164-174 ( (June) ) 1958. 11. Buckwalter, J. A.; Wohlwend, E. B.; Colter, D. C.; Tidrick, R. T., and Knowler, L. A.: ABO Blood Groups and Disease , J.A.M.A. 162:1210-1215 ( (Nov. 24) ) 1956. 12. Shapiro, M.: The ABO, MN, P and Rh Blood Group Systems in the South African Bantu , South African M.J. 25:165-170 ( (March 10) ) and 25:187-192 (March 17) 1951. 13. Shapiro, M.: Further Evidence of Homogeneity of Blood Group Distribution in the South African Bantu , South African M.J. 25:406-411 ( (June 16) ) 1951. 14. McConnell, R. B.; Pyke, D. A., and Roberts, J. A. F.: Blood Groups in Diabetes Mellitus , Brit. M.J. 1:772-776 ( (April 7) ) 1956. 15. Buckwalter, J. A.: Disease Associations of the ABO Blood Group , Acta genet. et stat. med. 6:561-563, 1956-1957. 16. Clarke, C. A.; McConnell, R. B., and Sheppard, P. M.: ABO Blood Groups and Secretor Character in Rheumatic Carditis , Brit. Med. J. 1:21-23 ( (Jan. 2) ) 1960.

SASLAW, SAMUEL;ANDERSON, GEORGE R.

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1961.03620040094010pmid: 13746661

Abstract The association of enteroviruses with the aseptic meningitis syndrome has been not only of academic interest, but has also offered the clinician an additional buffer against hysteria in his practice. The wide-spread publicity given poliomyelitis in the past 2 decades has raised the sensitivity of both the lay public and physicians to a hyperactive state when the diagnosis of poliomyelitis is considered. Certainly everyone appreciates and respects the seriousness of this disease in the paralytic form. However, when there is no evidence of weakness, but a tentative diagnosis of "nonparalytic" poliomyelitis is made, a chain reaction is frequently encountered similar to that when the patient does have paralytic disease. The hospital and physicians are then bombarded with questions from various persons or groups who were even in the remote vicinity of the patient. Obviously many patients in the past who had been reported as nonparalytic poliomyelitis in reality had other References 1. Saslaw, S.; Wooley, C. F., and Anderson, G. R.: Aseptic Meningitis Syndrome , A.M.A. Arch. Int. Med. 105:69-75, 1960.Crossref 2. Saslaw, S., and Swiss, E. D.: Leptospiral Meningitis , A.M.A. Arch. Int. Med. 103:876-885, 1959.Crossref

McHENRY, MARTIN C.;WELLMAN, WILLIAM E.;MARTIN, WILLIAM J.

doi: 10.1001/archinte.1961.03620040098011pmid: 13773998

Abstract Recent experiences with infections due to Bacteroides prompted us to review some of our data on patients with bacteremia due to organisms of this group. The review covered the period from February 1, 1948, through February 28, 1959. Three of the patients previously were included in a study of gram-negative bacteremias by members of our group.1 Bacteriologic Considerations The Bacteroidaceae2 are anaerobic, gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacilli, some of which normally inhabit the pharynx and the gastrointestinal and female genital tracts. Upon occasion, these organisms may become pathogenic for man, and failure to obtain anaerobic cultures may conceal the fact that they are present in sites of infection.3,4 A recent review of the world literature cited 330 cases of various human infections as being due to Bacteroides; bacteremia was present in at least half of these cases.5During the period covered by the present study, the Section of References 1. Spittel, J. A., Jr.; Martin, W. J., and Nichols, D. R.: Bacteremia Owing to Gram-Negative Bacilli: Experiences in the Treatment of 137 Patients in a 15-Year Period , Ann. Int. Med. 44: 302-315 ( (Feb.) ) 1956.Crossref 2. Breed, R. S.; Murray, E. G. D., and Smith, N. R.: Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology , Ed. 7, Baltimore, The Williams & Wilkins Company, 1957, 1094 pp. 3. Gillespie, W. A., and Guy, J.: Bacteroides in Intra-Abdominal Sepsis: Their Sensitivity to Antibiotics , Lancet 1:1039-1041 ( (June 30) ) 1956.Crossref 4. Carter, B.; Jones, C. P.; Alter, R. L.; Creadick, R. N., and Thomas, W. L.: Bacteroides Infections in Obstetrics and Gynecology , Obst. & Gynec. 1:491-510 ( (May) ) 1953. 5. Gunn, A. A.: Bacteroides Septicaemia , J. Roy. Coll. Surgeons Edinburgh 2:41-50 ( (Sept.) ) 1956. 6. Tumulty, P. A., and Harvey, A. McG: Experiences in the Management of Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis with Penicillin , Am. J. Med. 4:37-54 ( (Jan.) ) 1948. 7. Fisher, A. M., and McKusick, V. A.: Bacteroides Infections: Clinical, Bacteriological and Therapeutic Features of 14 Cases , Am. J.M. Sc. 225:253-273 ( (March) ) 1953. 8. Rubin, S. H.; Bornstein, P. K.; Perrine, C.; Rubin, A. D., and Schwimmer, D.: Aureomycin Treatment of Recurrent Cholangitis with Liver Abscesses Due to Bacteroides Funduliformis , Ann. Int. Med. 35:468-475 ( (Aug.) ) 1951. 9. Rubin, S. H., and Boyd, L. J.: Clinical Aspects of Bacteroides Infections in Gastroenterology , Am. J. Gastroenterol. 29:131-138 ( (Feb.) ) 1958. 10. Reid, J. D.; Snider, G. E.; Toone, E. C., and Howe, J. S.: Anaerobic Septicemia: Report of 6 Cases with Clinical, Bacteriologic and Pathologic Studies , Am. J.M. Sc. 209:296-306 ( (March) ) 1945. 11. Lemierre, A.: On Certain Septicaemias Due to Anaerobic Organisms , Lancet 1:701-703 ( (March 28) ) 1936. 12. Brown, A. E.; Williams, H. L., and Herrell, W. E.: Bacteroides Septicemia: Report of a Case with Recovery , J.A.M.A. 116:402-404 ( (Feb. 1) ) 1941. 13. Thompson, L., and Beaver, D. C.: Bacteremia Due to Anaerobic Gram-Negative Organisms of the Genus Bacteroides , M. Clin. North America 15:1611-1626, 1932. 14. Alston, J. M.: Necrobacillosis in Great Britain , Brit. M.J. 2:1524-1528 ( (Dec. 24) ) 1955. 15. Witebsky, E., and Miller, G. E.: Panel Discussion: A Common Infection Commonly Overlooked , GP 18:111-116 ( (Sept.) ) 1958. 16. Garrod, L. P.: Sensitivity of 4 Species of Bacteroides to Antibiotics , Brit. M.J. 2:1529-1531 ( (Dec. 24) ) 1955. 17. Waring, J. J.; Ryan, J. G.; Thompson, R., and Spencer, F. R.: Bacteroides Septicemia: Report of a Case with Recovery , Laryngoscope 53: 717-723 ( (Oct.) ) 1943. 18. Ruys, A. C.: Bacteroides Funduliformis (Fusiformis Necrophorus) , J. Path. & Bact. 59: 313-316, 1947. 19. Smith, E. W., and Ropes, M. W.: Bacteroides Infections: An Analysis Based on a Review of the Literature and a Study of 20 Cases , New England J. Med. 232:31-37 ( (Jan. 11) ) 1945. 20. Beigelman, P. M., and Rantz, L. A.: Clinical Significance of Bacteroides , Arch. Int. Med. 84: 605-631 ( (Oct.) ) 1949. 21. Gunn, A. A.: Bacteroides Infection in the Surgery of Childhood , Arch. Dis. Childhood 32: 523-529 ( (Dec.) ) 1957. 22. McVay, L. V., Jr.; Guthrie, F., and Sprunt, D. H.: Septicemia Due to Bacteroides: Aureomycin Hydrochloride Therapy in 2 Cases Due to Bacteroides Funduliformis , J.A.M.A. 140:1150-1152 ( (Aug. 6) ) 1949.Crossref 23. Dixon, C. F., and Deuterman, J. L.: Post-operative Bacteroides Infections: Report of 6 Cases , J.A.M.A. 108:181-185 ( (Jan. 16) ) 1937.Crossref 24. Martin, W. J.; Spittel, J. A.; Morlock, C. G., and Baggenstoss, A. H.: Severe Liver Disease Complicated by Bacteremia Due to Gram-Negative Bacilli , A.M.A. Arch. Int. Med. 98:8-15 ( (July) ) 1956.Crossref 25. Whipple, R. L., Jr., and Harris, J. F.: B. Coli Septicemia in Laennec's Cirrhosis of the Liver , Ann. Int. Med. 33:462-466 ( (Aug.) ) 1950.Crossref 26. Henthorne, J. C.; Thompson, L., and Beaver, D. C.: Gram-Negative Bacilli of the Genus Bacteroides , J. Bact. 31:255-274 ( (March) ) 1936. 27. Stevens, W. C., and Harrison, A. P., Jr.: In Vitro Antibiotic Sensitivities of Bacteroides and Similar Forms , Antibiotics & Chemother. 8: 192-194 ( (April) ) 1958. 28. Martin, W. J., and Nichols, D. R.: Bacteremic Shock , Proc. Staff Meet. Mayo Clin. 31: 333-340 ( (May 30) ) 1956.