TY - JOUR
AU1 - Okbay, Aysu
AU2 - Beauchamp, Jonathan P.
AU3 - Fontana, Mark A.
AU4 - Lee, James J.
AU5 - Pers, Tune H.
AU6 - Rietveld, Cornelius A.
AU7 - Turley, Patrick
AU8 - Chen, Guo-Bo
AU9 - Emilsson, Valur
AU1 - Meddens, S. Fleur W.
AU1 - Oskarsson, Sven
AU1 - Pickrell, Joseph K.
AU1 - Thom, Kevin
AU1 - Timshel, Pascal
AU1 - de Vlaming, Ronald
AU1 - Abdellaoui, Abdel
AU1 - Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S.
AU1 - Bacelis, Jonas
AU1 - Baumbach, Clemens
AU2 - Bjornsdottir, Gyda
AU2 - Brandsma, Johannes H.
AU2 - Concas, Maria Pina
AU2 - Derringer, Jaime
AU2 - Furlotte, Nicholas A.
AU2 - Galesloot, Tessel E.
AU2 - Girotto, Giorgia
AU2 - Gupta, Richa
AU2 - Hall, Leanne M.
AU2 - Harris, Sarah E.
AU3 - Hofer, Edith
AU3 - Horikoshi, Momoko
AU3 - Huffman, Jennifer E.
AU3 - Kaasik, Kadri
AU3 - Kalafati, Ioanna P.
AU3 - Karlsson, Robert
AU3 - Kong, Augustine
AU3 - Lahti, Jari
AU3 - van der Lee, Sven J.
AU3 - de Leeuw, Christiaan
AU4 - Lind, Penelope A.
AU4 - Lindgren, Karl-Oskar
AU4 - Liu, Tian
AU4 - Mangino, Massimo
AU4 - Marten, Jonathan
AU4 - Mihailov, Evelin
AU4 - Miller, Michael B.
AU4 - van der Most, Peter J.
AU4 - Oldmeadow, Christopher
AU4 - Payton, Antony
AU5 - Pervjakova, Natalia
AU5 - Peyrot, Wouter J.
AU5 - Qian, Yong
AU5 - Raitakari, Olli
AU5 - Rueedi, Rico
AU5 - Salvi, Erika
AU5 - Schmidt, Börge
AU5 - Schraut, Katharina E.
AU5 - Shi, Jianxin
AU5 - Smith, Albert V.
AU6 - Poot, Raymond A.
AU6 - Pourcain, Beate
AU6 - Teumer, Alexander
AU6 - Thorleifsson, Gudmar
AU6 - Verweij, Niek
AU6 - Vuckovic, Dragana
AU6 - Wellmann, Juergen
AU6 - Westra, Harm-Jan
AU6 - Yang, Jingyun
AU6 - Zhao, Wei
AU7 - Zhu, Zhihong
AU7 - Alizadeh, Behrooz Z.
AU7 - Amin, Najaf
AU7 - Bakshi, Andrew
AU7 - Baumeister, Sebastian E.
AU7 - Biino, Ginevra
AU7 - Bønnelykke, Klaus
AU7 - Boyle, Patricia A.
AU7 - Campbell, Harry
AU7 - Cappuccio, Francesco P.
AU8 - Davies, Gail
AU8 - De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel
AU8 - Deloukas, Panos
AU8 - Demuth, Ilja
AU8 - Ding, Jun
AU8 - Eibich, Peter
AU8 - Eisele, Lewin
AU8 - Eklund, Niina
AU8 - Evans68, David M.
AU8 - Faul, Jessica D.
AU9 - Feitosa, Mary F.
AU9 - Forstner, Andreas J.
AU9 - Gandin, Ilaria
AU9 - Gunnarsson, Bjarni
AU9 - Halldórsson, Bjarni V.
AU9 - Harris, Tamara B.
AU9 - Heath, Andrew C.
AU9 - Hocking, Lynne J.
AU9 - Holliday, Elizabeth G.
AU9 - Homuth, Georg
AU1 - Horan, Michael A.
AU1 - Hottenga, Jouke-Jan
AU1 - de Jager, Philip L.
AU1 - Joshi, Peter K.
AU1 - Jugessur, Astanand
AU1 - Kaakinen, Marika A.
AU1 - Kähönen, Mika
AU1 - Kanoni, Stavroula
AU1 - Keltigangas-Järvinen, Liisa
AU1 - Kiemeney, Lambertus A.L.M.
AU1 - Kolcic, Ivana
AU1 - Koskinen, Seppo
AU1 - Kraja, Aldi T.
AU1 - Kroh, Martin
AU1 - Kutalik, Zoltan
AU1 - Latvala, Antti
AU1 - Launer, Lenore J.
AU1 - Lebreton, Maël P.
AU1 - Levinson, Douglas F.
AU1 - Lichtenstein, Paul
AU1 - Lichtner, Peter
AU1 - Liewald, David C.M.
AU1 - ,
AU1 - Loukola, Anu
AU1 - Madden, Pamela A.
AU1 - Mägi, Reedik
AU1 - Mäki-Opas, Tomi
AU1 - Marioni, Riccardo E.
AU1 - Marques-Vidal, Pedro
AU1 - Meddens, Gerardus A.
AU1 - McMahon, George
AU1 - Meisinger, Christa
AU1 - Meitinger, Thomas
AU1 - Milaneschi, Yusplitri
AU1 - Milani, Lili
AU1 - Montgomery, Grant W.
AU1 - Myhre, Ronny
AU1 - Nelson, Christopher P.
AU1 - Nyholt, Dale R.
AU1 - Ollier, William E.R.
AU1 - Palotie, Aarno
AU1 - Paternoster, Lavinia
AU1 - Pedersen, Nancy L.
AU1 - Petrovic, Katja E.
AU1 - Porteous, David J.
AU1 - Räikkönen, Katri
AU1 - Ring, Susan M.
AU1 - Robino, Antonietta
AU1 - Rostapshova, Olga
AU1 - Rudan, Igor
AU1 - Rustichini, Aldo
AU1 - Salomaa, Veikko
AU1 - Sanders, Alan R.
AU1 - Sarin, Antti-Pekka
AU1 - Schmidt, Helena
AU1 - Scott, Rodney J.
AU1 - Smith, Blair H.
AU1 - Smith, Jennifer A.
AU1 - Staessen, Jan A.
AU1 - Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth
AU1 - Strauch, Konstantin
AU1 - Terracciano, Antonio
AU1 - Tobin, Martin D.
AU1 - Ulivi, Sheila
AU1 - Vaccargiu, Simona
AU1 - Quaye, Lydia
AU1 - van Rooij, Frank J.A.
AU1 - Venturini, Cristina
AU1 - Vinkhuyzen, Anna A.E.
AU1 - Völker, Uwe
AU1 - Völzke, Henry
AU1 - Vonk, Judith M.
AU1 - Vozzi, Diego
AU1 - Waage, Johannes
AU1 - Ware, Erin B.
AU1 - Willemsen, Gonneke
AU1 - Attia, John R.
AU1 - Bennett, David A.
AU1 - Berger, Klaus
AU1 - Bertram, Lars
AU1 - Bisgaard, Hans
AU1 - Boomsma, Dorret I.
AU1 - Borecki, Ingrid B.
AU1 - Bultmann, Ute
AU1 - Chabris, Christopher F.
AU1 - Cucca, Francesco
AU1 - Cusi, Daniele
AU1 - Deary, Ian J.
AU1 - Dedoussis, George V.
AU1 - van Duijn, Cornelia M.
AU1 - Eriksson, Johan G.
AU1 - Franke, Barbara
AU1 - Franke, Lude
AU1 - Gasparini, Paolo
AU1 - Gejman, Pablo V.
AU1 - Gieger, Christian
AU1 - Grabe, Hans-Jörgen
AU1 - Gratten, Jacob
AU1 - Groenen, Patrick J.F.
AU1 - Gudnason, Vilmundur
AU2 - van der Harst, Pim
AU2 - Hayward, Caroline
AU2 - Hinds, David A.
AU2 - Hoffmann, Wolfgang
AU2 - Hyppönen, Elina
AU2 - Iacono, William G.
AU2 - Jacobsson, Bo
AU2 - Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta
AU2 - Jöckel, Karl-Heinz
AU2 - Kaprio, Jaakko
AU2 - Kardia, Sharon L.R.
AU2 - Lehtimäki, Terho
AU2 - Lehrer, Steven F.
AU2 - Magnusson, Patrik K.E.
AU2 - Martin, Nicholas G.
AU2 - McGue, Matt
AU2 - Metspalu, Andres
AU2 - Pendleton, Neil
AU2 - Penninx, Brenda W.J.H.
AU2 - Perola, Markus
AU2 - Pirastu, Nicola
AU2 - Pirastu, Mario
AU2 - Polasek, Ozren
AU2 - Posthuma, Danielle
AU2 - Power, Christine
AU2 - Province, Michael A.
AU2 - Samani, Nilesh J.
AU2 - Schlessinger, David
AU2 - Schmidt, Reinhold
AU2 - Sørensen, Thorkild I.A.
AU2 - Spector, Tim D.
AU2 - Stefansson, Kari
AU2 - Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur
AU2 - Thurik, A. Roy
AU2 - Timpson, Nicholas J.
AU2 - Tiemeier, Henning
AU2 - Tung, Joyce Y.
AU2 - Uitterlinden, André G.
AU2 - Vitart, Veronique
AU2 - Vollenweider, Peter
AU2 - Weir, David R.
AU2 - Wilson, James F.
AU2 - Wright, Alan F.
AU2 - Conley, Dalton C.
AU2 - Krueger, Robert F.
AU2 - Smith, George Davey
AU2 - Hofman, Albert
AU2 - Laibson, David I.
AU2 - Medland, Sarah E.
AU2 - Meyer, Michelle N.
AU2 - Yang, Jian
AU2 - Johannesson, Magnus
AU2 - Visscher, Peter M.
AU2 - Esko, Tõnu
AU2 - Koellinger, Philipp D.
AU2 - Cesarini, David
AU2 - Benjamin, Daniel J.
AB - SummaryEducational attainment (EA) is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are also estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals1. We report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for EA that extends our earlier discovery sample1,2 of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We now identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioral phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because EA is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric disease.
TI - Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment
JF - Nature
DO - 10.1038/nature17671
DA - 2016-05-11
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/pubmed-central/genome-wide-association-study-identifies-74-loci-associated-with-2Fr3Q5pfsW
SP - 539
EP - 542
VL - 533
IS - 7604
DP - DeepDyve
ER -