TY - JOUR AU - Sandilands, Marion AB - Fall 2008 | V ol.51, No.1 | REPRINT SERIES California Review Management Building Value at the Top and the Bottom of the Global Supply Chain: MNC-NGO Par tnerships P Pa ao olla a P Pe er re ez z--A Alle em ma an n M Ma ar riio on n S Sa an nd diilla an nd ds s © 2008 by The Regents of the University of California Building Value at the Top and the Bottom of the Global Supply Chain: MNC-NGO PARTNERSHIPS Paola Perez-Aleman Marion Sandilands tandards that address social and environmental practices are increas- ingly common today. With the expansion of global supply chains, multinational companies (MNCs) source products from developing S countries, as production, processing, distribution, and consumption spread across borders. Simultaneously, and especially since the 1990s, non- governmental organizations (NGOs) have organized activities and been part of social movements and market campaigns that aim to influence business practices on issues such as human rights, labor standards, environmental sustainability, and poverty reduction. NGO pressure for sustainable practices has particularly targeted companies leading global supply chains in diverse industries, including mining, forestry, agribusiness, electronics, garment, and footwear, among others. Such actions have led to the creation TI - Building Value at the Top and the Bottom of the Global Supply Chain: MNC-NGO Partnerships JF - California Management Review DO - 10.2307/41166467 DA - 2008-10-01 UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/sage/building-value-at-the-top-and-the-bottom-of-the-global-supply-chain-5wrl0iuc9V SP - 24 EP - 49 VL - 51 IS - 1 DP - DeepDyve ER -