TY - JOUR
AU - Gordon, Siamon
AB - Macrophages are endowed with a variety of receptors for lineage-determining growth factors, T helper (Th) cell cytokines, and B cell, host, and microbial products. In tissues, macrophages mature and are activated in a dynamic response to combinations of these stimuli to acquire specialized functional phenotypes. As for the lymphocyte system, a dichotomy has been proposed for macrophage activation: classic vs. alternative, also M1 and M2, respectively. In view of recent research about macrophage functions and the increasing number of immune-relevant ligands, a revision of the model is needed. Here, we assess how cytokines and pathogen signals influence their functional phenotypes and the evidence for M1 and M2 functions and revisit a paradigm initially based on the role of a restricted set of selected ligands in the immune response.
TI - The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: time for reassessment
JF - F1000Prime Reports
DO - 10.12703/P6-13
DA - 2014-03-03
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/pubmed-central/the-m1-and-m2-paradigm-of-macrophage-activation-time-for-reassessment-9DV0M3x2Oz
VL - 6
IS - 
DP - DeepDyve
ER -