TY - JOUR
AU1 - Newman, Ian R.
AU2 - Gibb, Maia
AU3 - Thompson, Valerie A.
AB - It is commonly assumed that belief-based reasoning is fast and automatic, whereas rule-based reasoning is slower and more effortful. Dual-Process theories of reasoning rely on this speed-asymmetry explanation to account for a number of reasoning phenomena, such as base-rate neglect and belief-bias. The goal of the current study was to test this hypothesis about the relative speed of belief-based and rule-based processes. Participants solved base-rate problems (Experiment 1) and conditional inferences (Experiment 2) under a challenging deadline; they then gave a second response in free time. We found that fast responses were informed by rules of probability and logical validity, and that slow responses incorporated belief-based information. Implications for Dual-Process theories and future research options for dissociating Type I and Type II processes are discussed.
TI - Rule-Based Reasoning Is Fast and Belief-Based Reasoning Can Be Slow: Challenging Current Explanations of Belief-Bias and Base-Rate Neglect
JF - Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
DO - 10.1037/xlm0000372
DA - 2017-07-13
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/american-psychological-association/rule-based-reasoning-is-fast-and-belief-based-reasoning-can-be-slow-CJxjamSGem
SP - 1154
EP - 1170
VL - 43
IS - 7
DP - DeepDyve
ER -