TY - JOUR
AU1 - STENBACK, ASSER
AB - Abstract THE HUMAN being lives simultaneously on the biological, psychological, and social levels. These three life levels are interwoven, each exerting an influence upon the other two. Like other human processes, depression (used here to denote the psychiatric disease entity "depression") takes place on the biological, psychological, and social levels. According to the general hypothesis underlying this study, depression can mainly originate in one or two or all of these areas, but regardless of origin, depression manifests itself on all these three levels as biological, psychological, and social disturbances. The factors involved in the development of depression are schematically presented in Table 1. From case to case these factors intermingle in various ways to bring about the biopsycho Table 1.—Factors in the Development of Depression Predisposition 1. Biological (hereditary or acquired) 2. Psychic (eg, depressive attitudes due to emotional traumata in childhood) 3. Sociological (eg, a culture which References 1. Permission to study the patients was granted by: Dr. Lyman C. Wynne, Chief, Adult Psychiatry Branch, Dr. William E. Bunney, Research Associate, Adult Psychiatry Branch, Clinical Investigations, National Institute of Mental Health; Dr. Roy R. Grinker, Sr., Director and Julian A. Miller, Associate Psychiatrist, Institute for Psychosomatic and Psychiatric Research and Training, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago; Dr. Dale C. Cameron, Superintendent, Dr. I. Schaffner, Clinical Director, Geriatric Service, Dr. W. H. Dobbs, Clinical Director, Dorothy Dix Pavillon; and Dr. Fritz A. Freyhan, Clinical Director and Dr. Felix von Mendelsohn, Assistant Clinical Director, William A. White Building, St. Elizabeth's Hospital. 2. Busse, E. W.: " Psychopathology ," in Birren , J. E., ed.: Handbook of Aging and Individual, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1959. 3. Cumming, E., and Henry, W. E.: Growing Old , New York: Basic Books, Inc., Publishers, 1961. 4. Kay, D. W. K.: Observations on Natural History and Genetics of Old Age Psychoses , Proc Roy Soc Med 52:791, 1959. 5. Roth, M., and Kay, D. W. K.: Affective Disorder Arising in Senium: II. Physical Disability as Aetiological Factor , J Ment Sci 102:141, 1956. 6. Srole, L., et al: Mental Health in Metropolis , New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., Inc., 1962. 7. Stenback, A.: On Involutional and Middle Age Depressions , Acta Psych Scand ( (suppl) ) 169:14, 1963.Crossref 8. Straker, M.: Prognosis for Psychiatric Illness in Aged , Amer J Psychiat 119:1069, 1963.
TI - Object Loss and Depression: With Special Reference to Aging
JF - Archives of General Psychiatry
DO - 10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720320032004
DA - 1965-02-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/american-medical-association/object-loss-and-depression-with-special-reference-to-aging-DybSxfUVE9
SP - 144
EP - 151
VL - 12
IS - 2
DP - DeepDyve
ER -