TY - JOUR AU1 - Verge, Tània AU2 - Guinjoan, Marc AU3 - Rodon, Toni AB - Independence movements are today present in several stateless territorially concentrated nations, irrespective of their level of self-government. Among advanced industrial democracies, the stronger secessionist movements are found in Belgium, Canada, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom (Keating 1996; Sorens 2005). In the absence of a secession clause in their respective constitutions, a broad array of political parties and civil society groups have mobilized to demand a self-determination referendum as a means to let the citizenry of their territories express their will (Muñoz and Guinjoan 2013). Canada held a referendum on the secession of Quebec in 1980 and 1995. The United Kingdom called a popular vote on Scotland's independence in September 2014. In the Spanish case, Catalonia convoked a consultation in November 2014, although the central government did not recognize its legality. TI - Risk Aversion, Gender, and Constitutional Change JF - Politics & Gender DO - 10.1017/S1743923X15000264 DA - 2015-09-30 UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/cambridge-university-press/risk-aversion-gender-and-constitutional-change-Ewjec9F9nK SP - 499 EP - 521 VL - 11 IS - 3 DP - DeepDyve ER -