TY - JOUR
AU - Beales, N.
AB -  Introduction Microorganisms are adapted for optimum functioning in their normal physiological environments. Any extreme change in environmental conditions from the optimum inflicts a stress on an organism. The extent of the change will determine whether the organism is killed, ceases growth, or has an increased lag time and reduced growth rate (Ray 1986; Russell and others 1995). Most bacteria are able to tolerate small changes in an environmental parameter and can adapt over the time scale of minutes, hours, or days (Hill and others 1995). Microorganisms do this by both yielding to the stress conditions and making suitable provisions for survival or attempting to resist the stress (Herbert 1989). For most organisms, this tolerance can be pushed to maximum limits if the cell is provided with sufficient opportunity to sense and adapt to the deteriorating environment. Entire groups of microorganisms such as psychrophiles, acidophiles, and halophiles have adapted their lifestyles to prefer these extreme environments (HerCRFSFS 20020211 Submitted 3/28/03, Accepted 12/19/03. Author Beales is with the Microbiology Department, Campden & Chorleywood Food Research Association (CCFRA), Chipping Campden, Gloucester. GL55 6LD, U.K. Direct inquiries to author Beales (E-mail: n.beales@campden.co.uk). bert 1986; Bower and Daeschel 1999). Psychrophiles are microorganisms that 
TI - Adaptation of Microorganisms to Cold Temperatures, Weak Acid Preservatives, Low pH, and Osmotic Stress: A Review
JF - Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
DO - 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2004.tb00057.x
DA - 2004-01-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/wiley/adaptation-of-microorganisms-to-cold-temperatures-weak-acid-KxDKAKPLBa
SP - 1
VL - 3
IS - 1
DP - DeepDyve
ER -