TY - JOUR
AU1 - Heber, U
AU2 - Heldt, H W
AB -  The last review in this area of interest appeared in this series 7 years ago (38). Since then, many more comprehensive articles dealing with the rela­ tionship between chloroplast and extrachloroplast metabolism have ap­ peared elsewhere (13, 20, 35, 39, 41, 50, 55-57, 64, 85, 88, 118, 128, 148-150), not to mention the large number of original research papers which have contributed to our understanding of how the chloroplast en­ velope separates, links, or controls chloroplast and extrachloroplast metab­ olism in leaf cells. An excellent and penetrating recent review by Douce & Joyard (19) relieves the present authors ofthe burden of broad coverage and permits them to concentrate on their own biased views. The following is intended to serve as a brief introduction. Chloroplasts are limited by an envelope which consists of two mem­ branes. Inside the chloroplasts, closed chlorophyll-containing membranes called thylakoids use light energy to split water, transport ions, and reduce NADP to NADPH. When NADP is unavailable, oxygen acts as the elec­ tron acceptor, preventing overreduction of the electron transport chain and facilitating cyclic electron transport (40, 131, 139). The energy of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membranes is believed to be used for 
TI - The Chloroplast Envelope: Structure, Function, and Role in Leaf Metabolism
JF - Annual Review of Plant Biology
DO - 10.1146/annurev.pp.32.060181.001035
DA - 1981-06-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/annual-reviews/the-chloroplast-envelope-structure-function-and-role-in-leaf-OU52UZ0vdv
SP - 139
EP - 168
VL - 32
IS - 1
DP - DeepDyve
ER -