TY - JOUR
AB -  INTRODUCTION The Black Sea, situated between latitudes 40°55' and 46°32' north and longi- tudes 27°27' and 41°42' east (figs. 1-2), is the largest anoxic sea in the world, at about 508,000 km2. Approximately 90% of its volume (5.37 X 105 km3) is without oxygen. To the north, the Black Sea is connected to the shallow Sea of Azov through the Kerch Strait, which is less than 20 m in average depth; to the Mediterranean basin to the south; and the "Seven Seas" via the Bosporus Strait (figs. 3-4) . The Bosporus is similar to a man-made canal in that it is exceedingly narrow, with an average width of 1.6 km, an average depth of only 36 m, and a length of 31 km, though geologically, it is com- FIG. 1.-Digitized chart of the Black Sea with latitude and longitude Pletely natural.' The Black Sea, at least for scientific, research, and manage- ment purposes, is considered to be a large marine ecosystem.2 2 The total freshwater input into the Black Sea from the basin's rivers is estimated at 350 km3 /year. The Danube presents the highest discharge with about 50%-75% of the total input; the Dnieper provides another 15% 
TI - The Black Sea: An Environmental and Ecological Profile*
JF - Ocean Yearbook Online
DO - 10.1163/221160000X00215
DA - 2000-01-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/brill/the-black-sea-an-environmental-and-ecological-profile-PvTOSYt00F
SP - 420
EP - 467
VL - 14
IS - 1
DP - DeepDyve
ER -