TY - JOUR
AU - WISEMAN, STEPHEN
AB -  BY STEPHEN WISEMAN (University of Manchester School of Education). 11.-Test re-test reliability : (i) design of the experiment ; I.-Introduction. (ii) results. 111.-Validity : (i) sample ; (ii) criterion measwes ; (iii) results. IV .- Discussion. V.-Re ferences . INTRODUCTION. THE first paper in this symposium (Penfold, 1956) has summarised the previous research on this problem and it is not proposed to elaborate on this. The implications of Edward Penfold's own contribution are considered later in this paper. The grounds for the inclusion of the essay as an element in the selection I n the first place, it is argued that battery at 1 1 plus are usually two-fold. ' backwash ' effects would be minimised, and in particular the negative kind of backwash which results in the neglect of writing in the primary school, and corresponding over-emphasis on multiple-choice exercises, underlinings and single-word answers. Many teachers and educationists would agree with this argument, without, however, supporting the extremists who would subsitute the essay for the objective English paper. Such a course might well produce equally severe backwash effects of another kind. The second argument is that the inclusion of the essay is necessary to improve prediction. Since 
TI - SYMPOSIUM: THE USE OF ESSAYS IN SELECTION AT 11+
JF - British Journal of Educational Psychology
DO - 10.1111/j.2044-8279.1956.tb01377.x
DA - 1956-11-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/wiley/symposium-the-use-of-essays-in-selection-at-11-SWB6ip90Wt
SP - 172
VL - 26
IS - 3
DP - DeepDyve
ER -