TY - JOUR
AU - Malkin, Catherine M.
AB - Thirty infants were observed at home each month between one and seven months of age.They were unobtrusively filmed in situations in which their mothers or unfamiliarwomen responded to their naturally occurring cries by either picking them up orstanding alongside and talking to them (the 'inhibit' condition). Picking up waseffective in soothing infants from the first month on. Further, 80% of theone-month-olds began to soothe even before being picked up. Starting around four tofive months of age, the infants protested (by crying more loudly) when the adults(especially mothers) failed to pick them up (i.e., in the inhibit condition). At thesame age, infants began to orient away from the adults in the inhibit condition.These results suggest that infants develop conditioned associations among distress,pick-up, and comfort by one month of age and that by four to five months, theydevelop cognitive expectations regarding social responses. Protest and aversionoccur when these expectations are violated.
TI - The Development of Social Expectations in Distress-Relief Sequences: A Longitudinal Study
JF - International Journal of Behavioral Development
DO - 10.1177/016502548600900207
DA - 1986-06-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/sage/the-development-of-social-expectations-in-distress-relief-sequences-a-SebnkWZVeD
SP - 235
EP - 249
VL - 9
IS - 2
DP - DeepDyve
ER -