TY - JOUR
AU - Snyder, C. R.
AB -  Hope is defined as the perceived capability to derive pathways to desired goals, and motivate oneself via agency thinking to use those pathways. The adult and child hope scales that are derived from hope theory are described. Hope theory is compared to theories of learned optimism, optimism, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Higher hope consistently is related to better outcomes in academics, athletics, physical health, psychological adjustment, and psychotherapy. Processes that lessen hope in children and adults are reviewed. Using the hope theory definition, no evidence is found for "false" hope. Future research is encouraged in regard to accurately enhancing hope in medical feedback and helping people to pursue those goals for which they are best suited. 
TI - TARGET ARTICLE: Hope Theory: Rainbows in the Mind
JF - Psychological Inquiry
DO - 10.1207/S15327965PLI1304_01
DA - 2002-10-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/taylor-francis/target-article-hope-theory-rainbows-in-the-mind-bgAP078XuK
SP - 249
EP - 275
VL - 13
IS - 4
DP - DeepDyve
ER -