TY - JOUR
AU - Jax, Kurt
AB - Journal of the History of Biology 31: 113–142, 1998. 113 c 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Holocoen and Ecosystem – On the Origin and Historical Consequences of Two Concepts KURT JAX Zentrum fur Ethik in den Wissenschaften Universitat Tubingen ¨ ¨ Keplerstr. 17 72074 Tubi ¨ ngen, Germany Introduction When Arthur Tansley, then doyen of British plant ecology, called a unit composed of living and non-living parts of nature an “ecosystem” in 1935, he was by no means the first to express the idea that not organisms in isola- tion but communities and their environment together were the basic object of synecology. As early as 1916 the well-known German limnologist August Thienemann first wrote about “biotope and biocoenosis as a tight organic unit”. However, Thienemann, did not coin a special term for these units but in a rather general manner spoke of “biosystems” or “Lebenseinheiten” (life units). In 1927, the entomologist Karl Friederichs, then working in Rostock, in northern Germany, developed his concept of the “Holocon” ¨ (holocoen), and in 1928 Woltereck spoke with similar meaning of “Okologische Gestalt- John S. Haldane as early as 1884 wrote that the individual organism and its environment had to 
TI - Holocoen and Ecosystem – On the Origin and Historical Consequences of Two Concepts
JF - Journal of the History of Biology
DO - 10.1023/A:1004261607170
DA - 2004-10-14
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/springer-journals/holocoen-and-ecosystem-on-the-origin-and-historical-consequences-of-hzU46NF8r5
SP - 113
EP - 142
VL - 31
IS - 1
DP - DeepDyve
ER -