TY - JOUR
AU - Helms, Janet E.
AB - The relation between racial identity attitudes derived from Cross's (1971) model of psychological nigrescence, or black self-actualization, and various affective states hypothesized to be relevant to the racial identification process were investigated through multiple regression analysis. Subjects were 166 black university students. Both prowhite-antiblack (preencounter) and problack-antiwhite (immersion) attitudes were associated with greater personal distress as indicated by negative relations between these attitudes and mentally healthy self-actualizing tendencies and by positive relations to feelings of inferiority, anxiety, and hostility. Awakening black identity (encounter attitudes) was positively related to self-actualization tendencies and negatively related to feelings of inferiority and anxiety. The possibility that cognitive and affective components of racial identity attitudes may evolve via different models is explored. Implications for future research and recommendations for delivery of psychological services to black populations are discussed.
TI - Relation of Racial Identity Attitudes to Self-Actualization and Affective States of Black Students
JF - Journal of Counseling Psychology
DO - 10.1037/0022-0167.32.3.431
DA - 1985-07-01
UR - https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/american-psychological-association/relation-of-racial-identity-attitudes-to-self-actualization-and-tDM8BvOQPR
SP - 431
EP - 440
VL - 32
IS - 3
DP - DeepDyve
ER -