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Fiber Size and Organization of Afferent Pathways

Fiber Size and Organization of Afferent Pathways Abstract Concepts of the organization and functional characteristics of afferent pathways in the central nervous system have been derived from anatomical studies of large fiber myelin sheath degeneration by the Marchi method; observation of centrally recorded, electronically amplified potentials resulting from peripheral nerve stimulation; and clinical observation of the sensory deficit attributed to disruption incident to disease and surgical procedures in man. There has been little evidence, either physiological or anatomical, of any consistent relationship between the central afferent systems and peripheral nerve fiber size. The compound peripheral nerve action potential was described by Gasser and Erlanger.16 They delineated A, B, and C responses which were oscillographically recorded, and related to large, intermediate, and small-sized fiber groups. Subsequent studies by Erlanger and Gasser,13 by Bishop and Heinbecker,5 and Gasser and Grundfest18 further demonstrated the relationship of fiber size in peripheral nerves to threshold for excitation, velocity of References 1. Amassian, V. E.: Fiber Groups and Spinal Pathways of Cortically Represented Visceral Afferents , J. Neurophysiol. 14:445, 1951. 2. Berry, C. M.; Karl, R. C., and Hinsey, J. C.: Course of Spinothalamic and Medial Lemniscal Pathways in Cat and Rhesus Monkey , J. Neurophysiol. 13:149, 1950. 3. Bishop, G. H.: Action of Nerve Depressants on Potential , J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 1:177, 1932.Crossref 4. Bishop, G. H.: The Relationship Between Nerve Fiber Size and Sensory Modality: Phylogenetic Implications of the Afferent Innervation of Cortex , J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 128( (No. 2) ):89, 1958.Crossref 5. Bishop, G. H., and Heinbecker, P.: Differentials of Axon Types in Visceral Nerves by Means of the Potential Record , Am. J. Physiol. 94:170, 1930. 6. Bowsher, D.: Termination of the Central Pain Pathway in Man: The Conscious Appreciation of Pain , Brain 80:606, 1957.Crossref 7. Brodal, A.: The Reticular Formation of the Brain Stem: Anatomical Aspects and Functional Correlation , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1956, p. 61. 8. Carrea, R. M. E., and Grundfest, H.: Electrophysiological Studies of Cerebellar Inflow: I. Origin, Conduction, and Termination of Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract in Monkey and Cat , J. Neurophysiol. 6:619, 1954. 9. Collins, W. F., and O'Leary, J. L.: Study of a Somatic Evoked Response of Midbrain Reticular Substance , EEG Clin. Neurophysiol. 6:619, 1954.Crossref 10. Collins, W. F., and Randt, C. T.: An Electrophysiological Study of Small Myelinated Axons in Anterolateral Column in Cat , J. Neurophysiol. 19:438, 1956. 11. Collins, W. F., and Randt, C. T.: Evoked Central Nervous System Activity Relating to Peripheral Unmyelinated or 'C' Fibers in Cat , J. Neurophysiol. 21:345, 1958. 12. Collins, W. F., and Randt, C. T.: Mid-brain Evoked Responses Relating to Peripheral or 'C' Fibers in Cat , J. Neurophysiol. 23:47, 1960. 13. Erlanger, J., and Gasser, H. S.: Electrical Signs of Nervous Activity , Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1937. 14. French, J. D.: The Reticular Formation , in Handbook of Physiology, Sec. 1. Neurophysiology , Vol. II, Washington, Am. Physiological Society, 1960, Chap. 52, p. 1281. 15. French, J. D.; Verzeano, M., and Magoun, H. W.: An Extralemniscal Sensory System in the Brain , A.M.A. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 69:505, 1953.Crossref 16. Gasser, H. S., and Erlanger, J.: The Role Played by Sizes of the Constituent Fibers of a Nerve Trunk in Determining the Form of Its Action Potential Wave , Am. J. Physiol. 80:522, 1927. 17. Gasser, H. S., and Graham, H. T.: Potentials Produced in the Spinal Cord by Stimulation of Dorsal Roots , Am. J. Physiol. 103:313, 1933. 18. Gasser, H. S., and Grundfest, H.: Axon Diameters in Relation to Spike Dimensions and the Conduction Velocity in Mammalian A Fibers , Am. J. Physiol. 127:393, 1939. 19. Gaze, R. M., and Gordon, G.: The Representation of Cutaneous Sense in the Thalamus of Cat and Monkey , Quart. J. Exp. Physiol. 39:279, 1954. 20. Grundfest, H., and Campbell, B.: Origin, Conduction and Termination of Impulses in Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tracts of Cats , J. Neurophysiol. 5:275, 1942. 21. Häggqvist, G.: Analyse der Faserverteilung in einem Rückenmarkquerschnitt (Th. 3) , Z. Mikroskopischant. Forsch. 39:1, 1936. 22. Herrick, C. J.: The Brain of the Tiger Salamander , Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1948. 23. Herrick, C. J., and Bishop, G. H.: A Comparative Survey of the Spinal Lemniscal System , in Reticular Formation of the Brain , edited by H. H. Jasper, Boston, Little Brown & Company, 1958, p. 353. 24. Hughes, J. R.: Post-Tetanic Potentiation , Physiol. Rev. 38:91, 1958. 25. Hunt, W. E., and O'Leary, J. L.: Form of Thalamic Response Evoked by Peripheral Nerve Stimulation , J. Comp. Neurol. 97:491, 1952.Crossref 26. Hursh, J. B.: Conduction Velocity and Diameter of Nerve Fibers , Am. J. Physiol. 127:131, 1939. 27. Kerr, D. I. B.; Haugen, F. P., and Melzack, R.: Responses Evoked in the Brainstem by Tooth Stimulation , Am. J. Physiol. 183:253, 1955. 28. Livingston, W. K.; Haugen, F. P., and Brookhart, J. M.: The Vertical Organization of Function in the Central Nervous System , Neurology 4:485, 1954.Crossref 29. Lloyd, D. C. P., and McIntyre, A. K.: Dorsal Column Conduction of Group I Muscle Afferent Impulses and Their Relay Through Clark's Column , J. Neurophysiol. 137:409, 1942. 30. Magoun, H. W.: in Brain Mechanisms and Consciousness: A Symposium, Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1954, p. 1. 31. Marshall, W. H.: An Application of the Frozen Section Technique for Cutting Serial Sections through the Brain , Stain Techn . 15:133, 1940. 32. Marshall, W. H.: Observations on Subcortical Somatic Sensory Mechanism of Cats Under Nembutal Anesthesia , J. Neurophysiol. 4:25, 1941. 33. Mehler, W. R.: The Mammalian "Pain Tract" in Phylogeny , Anat. Rec. 127:332, 1957. 34. Mehler, W. R.; Feferman, M. E., and Nauta, W. J. H.: Ascending Axon Degeneration Following Anterolateral Cordotomy in the Monkey , Anat. Rec. 124:332, 1956. 35. Morin, F.: Afferent Projections to the Mid-brain Tegmentum and Their Spinal Course , Am. J. Physiol. 172:483, 1953. 36. Morin, F.: A New Spinal Pathway for Cutaneous Impulses , Am. J. Physiol. 183:245, 1955. 37. Morin, F.; Schwartz, H. G., and O'Leary, J. L.: Experimental Study of the Spinothalamic and Related Tracts , Acta Psychiat. Scand. 26:371, 1951.Crossref 38. Mountcastle, V., and Henneman, E.: Pattern of Tactile Representation in the Thalamus of the Cat , J. Neurophysiol. 12:85, 1949. 39. Nauta, W. J. H., and Kuypers, H. G. J. M.: Some Ascending Pathways in the Brainstem Reticular Formation , in Reticular Formation of the Brain , edited by H. H. Jasper, Boston, Little Brown & Company, 1958, p. 3. 40. Poggio, G. F., and Mountcastle, V. B.: A Study of the Functional Contributions of the Lemniscal and Spinothalamic Systems to Somatic Sensibility , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 106:266, 1960. 41. Rossi, G. F., and Brodal, A.: Terminal Distribution of Spinoreticular Fibers in the Cat , A.M.A. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 78:439, 1957.Crossref 42. Scheibel, M. E., and Scheibel, A. B.: Structural Substrates for Integrative Patterns in the Brain Stem Reticular Core , in Reticular Formation of the Brain , edited by H. H. Jasper, Boston, Little Brown & Company, 1958, p. 31. 43. Schricker, J. L., and O'Leary, J. L.: Observations on Thalamic and Cortical Responses to Peripheral Nerve Volley , EEG Clin. Neurophysiol. 5:279, 1953.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Neurology American Medical Association

Fiber Size and Organization of Afferent Pathways

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Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1961 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-9942
eISSN
1538-3687
DOI
10.1001/archneur.1961.00450140084008
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Abstract

Abstract Concepts of the organization and functional characteristics of afferent pathways in the central nervous system have been derived from anatomical studies of large fiber myelin sheath degeneration by the Marchi method; observation of centrally recorded, electronically amplified potentials resulting from peripheral nerve stimulation; and clinical observation of the sensory deficit attributed to disruption incident to disease and surgical procedures in man. There has been little evidence, either physiological or anatomical, of any consistent relationship between the central afferent systems and peripheral nerve fiber size. The compound peripheral nerve action potential was described by Gasser and Erlanger.16 They delineated A, B, and C responses which were oscillographically recorded, and related to large, intermediate, and small-sized fiber groups. Subsequent studies by Erlanger and Gasser,13 by Bishop and Heinbecker,5 and Gasser and Grundfest18 further demonstrated the relationship of fiber size in peripheral nerves to threshold for excitation, velocity of References 1. Amassian, V. E.: Fiber Groups and Spinal Pathways of Cortically Represented Visceral Afferents , J. Neurophysiol. 14:445, 1951. 2. Berry, C. M.; Karl, R. C., and Hinsey, J. C.: Course of Spinothalamic and Medial Lemniscal Pathways in Cat and Rhesus Monkey , J. Neurophysiol. 13:149, 1950. 3. Bishop, G. H.: Action of Nerve Depressants on Potential , J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 1:177, 1932.Crossref 4. Bishop, G. H.: The Relationship Between Nerve Fiber Size and Sensory Modality: Phylogenetic Implications of the Afferent Innervation of Cortex , J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 128( (No. 2) ):89, 1958.Crossref 5. Bishop, G. H., and Heinbecker, P.: Differentials of Axon Types in Visceral Nerves by Means of the Potential Record , Am. J. Physiol. 94:170, 1930. 6. Bowsher, D.: Termination of the Central Pain Pathway in Man: The Conscious Appreciation of Pain , Brain 80:606, 1957.Crossref 7. Brodal, A.: The Reticular Formation of the Brain Stem: Anatomical Aspects and Functional Correlation , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1956, p. 61. 8. Carrea, R. M. E., and Grundfest, H.: Electrophysiological Studies of Cerebellar Inflow: I. Origin, Conduction, and Termination of Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract in Monkey and Cat , J. Neurophysiol. 6:619, 1954. 9. Collins, W. F., and O'Leary, J. L.: Study of a Somatic Evoked Response of Midbrain Reticular Substance , EEG Clin. Neurophysiol. 6:619, 1954.Crossref 10. Collins, W. F., and Randt, C. T.: An Electrophysiological Study of Small Myelinated Axons in Anterolateral Column in Cat , J. Neurophysiol. 19:438, 1956. 11. Collins, W. F., and Randt, C. T.: Evoked Central Nervous System Activity Relating to Peripheral Unmyelinated or 'C' Fibers in Cat , J. Neurophysiol. 21:345, 1958. 12. Collins, W. F., and Randt, C. T.: Mid-brain Evoked Responses Relating to Peripheral or 'C' Fibers in Cat , J. Neurophysiol. 23:47, 1960. 13. Erlanger, J., and Gasser, H. S.: Electrical Signs of Nervous Activity , Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1937. 14. French, J. D.: The Reticular Formation , in Handbook of Physiology, Sec. 1. Neurophysiology , Vol. II, Washington, Am. Physiological Society, 1960, Chap. 52, p. 1281. 15. French, J. D.; Verzeano, M., and Magoun, H. W.: An Extralemniscal Sensory System in the Brain , A.M.A. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 69:505, 1953.Crossref 16. Gasser, H. S., and Erlanger, J.: The Role Played by Sizes of the Constituent Fibers of a Nerve Trunk in Determining the Form of Its Action Potential Wave , Am. J. Physiol. 80:522, 1927. 17. Gasser, H. S., and Graham, H. T.: Potentials Produced in the Spinal Cord by Stimulation of Dorsal Roots , Am. J. Physiol. 103:313, 1933. 18. Gasser, H. S., and Grundfest, H.: Axon Diameters in Relation to Spike Dimensions and the Conduction Velocity in Mammalian A Fibers , Am. J. Physiol. 127:393, 1939. 19. Gaze, R. M., and Gordon, G.: The Representation of Cutaneous Sense in the Thalamus of Cat and Monkey , Quart. J. Exp. Physiol. 39:279, 1954. 20. Grundfest, H., and Campbell, B.: Origin, Conduction and Termination of Impulses in Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tracts of Cats , J. Neurophysiol. 5:275, 1942. 21. Häggqvist, G.: Analyse der Faserverteilung in einem Rückenmarkquerschnitt (Th. 3) , Z. Mikroskopischant. Forsch. 39:1, 1936. 22. Herrick, C. J.: The Brain of the Tiger Salamander , Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1948. 23. Herrick, C. J., and Bishop, G. H.: A Comparative Survey of the Spinal Lemniscal System , in Reticular Formation of the Brain , edited by H. H. Jasper, Boston, Little Brown & Company, 1958, p. 353. 24. Hughes, J. R.: Post-Tetanic Potentiation , Physiol. Rev. 38:91, 1958. 25. Hunt, W. E., and O'Leary, J. L.: Form of Thalamic Response Evoked by Peripheral Nerve Stimulation , J. Comp. Neurol. 97:491, 1952.Crossref 26. Hursh, J. B.: Conduction Velocity and Diameter of Nerve Fibers , Am. J. Physiol. 127:131, 1939. 27. Kerr, D. I. B.; Haugen, F. P., and Melzack, R.: Responses Evoked in the Brainstem by Tooth Stimulation , Am. J. Physiol. 183:253, 1955. 28. Livingston, W. K.; Haugen, F. P., and Brookhart, J. M.: The Vertical Organization of Function in the Central Nervous System , Neurology 4:485, 1954.Crossref 29. Lloyd, D. C. P., and McIntyre, A. K.: Dorsal Column Conduction of Group I Muscle Afferent Impulses and Their Relay Through Clark's Column , J. Neurophysiol. 137:409, 1942. 30. Magoun, H. W.: in Brain Mechanisms and Consciousness: A Symposium, Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1954, p. 1. 31. Marshall, W. H.: An Application of the Frozen Section Technique for Cutting Serial Sections through the Brain , Stain Techn . 15:133, 1940. 32. Marshall, W. H.: Observations on Subcortical Somatic Sensory Mechanism of Cats Under Nembutal Anesthesia , J. Neurophysiol. 4:25, 1941. 33. Mehler, W. R.: The Mammalian "Pain Tract" in Phylogeny , Anat. Rec. 127:332, 1957. 34. Mehler, W. R.; Feferman, M. E., and Nauta, W. J. H.: Ascending Axon Degeneration Following Anterolateral Cordotomy in the Monkey , Anat. Rec. 124:332, 1956. 35. Morin, F.: Afferent Projections to the Mid-brain Tegmentum and Their Spinal Course , Am. J. Physiol. 172:483, 1953. 36. Morin, F.: A New Spinal Pathway for Cutaneous Impulses , Am. J. Physiol. 183:245, 1955. 37. Morin, F.; Schwartz, H. G., and O'Leary, J. L.: Experimental Study of the Spinothalamic and Related Tracts , Acta Psychiat. Scand. 26:371, 1951.Crossref 38. Mountcastle, V., and Henneman, E.: Pattern of Tactile Representation in the Thalamus of the Cat , J. Neurophysiol. 12:85, 1949. 39. Nauta, W. J. H., and Kuypers, H. G. J. M.: Some Ascending Pathways in the Brainstem Reticular Formation , in Reticular Formation of the Brain , edited by H. H. Jasper, Boston, Little Brown & Company, 1958, p. 3. 40. Poggio, G. F., and Mountcastle, V. B.: A Study of the Functional Contributions of the Lemniscal and Spinothalamic Systems to Somatic Sensibility , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 106:266, 1960. 41. Rossi, G. F., and Brodal, A.: Terminal Distribution of Spinoreticular Fibers in the Cat , A.M.A. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 78:439, 1957.Crossref 42. Scheibel, M. E., and Scheibel, A. B.: Structural Substrates for Integrative Patterns in the Brain Stem Reticular Core , in Reticular Formation of the Brain , edited by H. H. Jasper, Boston, Little Brown & Company, 1958, p. 31. 43. Schricker, J. L., and O'Leary, J. L.: Observations on Thalamic and Cortical Responses to Peripheral Nerve Volley , EEG Clin. Neurophysiol. 5:279, 1953.Crossref

Journal

Archives of Neurology – American Medical Association

Published: Aug 1, 1961

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