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- Publisher
- SAGE
- Copyright
- Copyright © by SAGE Publications
- ISSN
- 0094-3673
- DOI
- 10.1177/106939717801300402
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
Cross-cultural data that have recently become available make it possibleto test several hypotheses derivable from Freud's theories relating to malehomosexuality and the development of the super-ego. These hypotheses are(1) relatively little father-son contact during early childhood increases theprobability of homosexuality; (2) under a condition of relatively high fathercontact, increased sexual attachment to the mother decreases the probability of homosexuality; (3) relatively little father-son contact during early childhood impedes the development of the son's super-ego; and (4) there shouldbe a negative zero-order correlation between homosexuality and the super-ego development. This correlation should vanish once degree of father contact is controlled. The data from fifty-one societies indicate that hypotheses(1), (2) and (3) are strongly supported, and hypothesis (4) is moderatelysupported. Whiting's "status envy" theory is also relevant to the same data,but is not as consistent with this data as is Freud's theory.
Journal
Behavior Science Research – SAGE
Published: Nov 1, 1978