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Urban yellow fever epidemic in western Nigeria, 1987

Urban yellow fever epidemic in western Nigeria, 1987 Abstract A large epidemic of urban yellow fever occurred in April and May 1987 in Oyo State, western Nigeria. The principal vector was Aedes aegypti, breeding in domestic water containers. The 1987 outbreak followed an epidemic of sylvatic yellow fever in eastern Nigeria the previous year, and probably resulted from introduction of the virus by viraemic travellers. The outbreak in Oyo State ended in early July, by which time 805 cases and 416 deaths had been officially notified. However, surveys of 3 villages in the epicentre, a region with over 4 million inhabitants, indicated an infection rate of approximately 20%, a clinical attack rate of 2·9% and a mortality rate of 0·6%, suggesting that the true incidence of cases and deaths far exceeded the official reports. Yellow fever virus was isolated from persons with fully developed yellow fever as well as mild febrile illness. One virus isolate was made from blood of an individual with mild illness, who had received 17D vaccine 5 d earlier; monoclonal antibody analysis showed that the isolate was a wild-type virus. Larval indices of Ae. aegypti were very high; however, low vector competence of the Ae aegypti population may have provided a constraint on spread of the epidemic. In late 1987 a third epidemic appeared in Niger State, northern Nigeria, with 644 reported cases and 149 deaths. The vector(s) involved is (are) unknown. References * Annual Reports , 1945 Yaba, Nigeria Yellow Fever Research Institute Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Casey, 1965 Casey H.L. . Standardized diagnostic complementfixation method and adaptation to micro test , Public Health Monograph No. 74 , 1965 Washington US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Chambon and Wone, 1967 Chambon L. , Wone I. . Une épidemie de fievre jaune au Senegal en 1965. L'épidemie, humaine , Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 1967 , vol. 36 (pg. 113 - 119 ) Google Scholar PubMed OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat De Cock et al., 1988 De Cock K.M. , Monath T.P. , Nasidi A. , Tukei P.M. , Enriquez J. , Lichfield P. , Craven R.B. , Fabiyi A. , Okafor B.C. , Navaonjanahary C. , Sorungbe A. . Epidemic yellow fever in eastern Nigeria, 1986 , Lancet , 1988 , vol. i (pg. 630 - 633 ) Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat Miller et al., 1988 Miller B.M. , Monath T.P. , Tabachnick W.J. , Ezike V.I. . An urban outbreak of yellow fever transmitted by mosquitoes with low vector potential , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciencees of the USA , 1988 in press Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Monath and Nystrom, 1984 Monath T.P. , Nystrom R.R. . Detection of yellow fever virus in serum by enzyme immunoassay , American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene , 1984 , vol. 33 pg. 151 Google Scholar PubMed OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat Monath et al., 1980 Monath T.P. , Craven R.B. , Adjukiewicz A. , Germain M. , Francy D.B. , Ferrara L. , Samba E.M. , M'jie H. , Cham K. , Fitzgerald S.A. , Crippen P.H. , Simpson D.I.H. , Bowen E.T.W. , Fabiyi A. , Salaun J.-J. . Yellow fever in the Gambia, 1978–1979: epidemiologic aspects with observations on the occurrence of Orungo virus infections , American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene , 1980 , vol. 29 (pg. 912 - 928 ) Google Scholar PubMed OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat Pinto and Filipe, 1973 Pinto M.R. , Filipe A.R. . Arbovirus studies in Luanda, Angola. I. Virolpgical and serological studies during a yellow fever epidemic , Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 1973 , vol. 49 (pg. 31 - 35 ) Google Scholar PubMed OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat Schlesinger et al., 1983 Schlesinger J.J. , Brandriss M.W. , Monath T.P. . Monoclonal antibodies distinguish between wild and vaccine strains of yellow fever virus by neutralization, haemagglutination inhibition and immune precipitation of the virus envelope protein , Virology , 1983 , vol. 125 (pg. 8 - 17 ) Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat This content is only available as a PDF. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Oxford University Press

Urban yellow fever epidemic in western Nigeria, 1987

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References (7)

Publisher
Oxford University Press
ISSN
0035-9203
eISSN
1878-3503
DOI
10.1016/0035-9203(89)90518-X
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Abstract

Abstract A large epidemic of urban yellow fever occurred in April and May 1987 in Oyo State, western Nigeria. The principal vector was Aedes aegypti, breeding in domestic water containers. The 1987 outbreak followed an epidemic of sylvatic yellow fever in eastern Nigeria the previous year, and probably resulted from introduction of the virus by viraemic travellers. The outbreak in Oyo State ended in early July, by which time 805 cases and 416 deaths had been officially notified. However, surveys of 3 villages in the epicentre, a region with over 4 million inhabitants, indicated an infection rate of approximately 20%, a clinical attack rate of 2·9% and a mortality rate of 0·6%, suggesting that the true incidence of cases and deaths far exceeded the official reports. Yellow fever virus was isolated from persons with fully developed yellow fever as well as mild febrile illness. One virus isolate was made from blood of an individual with mild illness, who had received 17D vaccine 5 d earlier; monoclonal antibody analysis showed that the isolate was a wild-type virus. Larval indices of Ae. aegypti were very high; however, low vector competence of the Ae aegypti population may have provided a constraint on spread of the epidemic. In late 1987 a third epidemic appeared in Niger State, northern Nigeria, with 644 reported cases and 149 deaths. The vector(s) involved is (are) unknown. References * Annual Reports , 1945 Yaba, Nigeria Yellow Fever Research Institute Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Casey, 1965 Casey H.L. . Standardized diagnostic complementfixation method and adaptation to micro test , Public Health Monograph No. 74 , 1965 Washington US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Chambon and Wone, 1967 Chambon L. , Wone I. . Une épidemie de fievre jaune au Senegal en 1965. L'épidemie, humaine , Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 1967 , vol. 36 (pg. 113 - 119 ) Google Scholar PubMed OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat De Cock et al., 1988 De Cock K.M. , Monath T.P. , Nasidi A. , Tukei P.M. , Enriquez J. , Lichfield P. , Craven R.B. , Fabiyi A. , Okafor B.C. , Navaonjanahary C. , Sorungbe A. . Epidemic yellow fever in eastern Nigeria, 1986 , Lancet , 1988 , vol. i (pg. 630 - 633 ) Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat Miller et al., 1988 Miller B.M. , Monath T.P. , Tabachnick W.J. , Ezike V.I. . An urban outbreak of yellow fever transmitted by mosquitoes with low vector potential , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciencees of the USA , 1988 in press Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC Monath and Nystrom, 1984 Monath T.P. , Nystrom R.R. . Detection of yellow fever virus in serum by enzyme immunoassay , American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene , 1984 , vol. 33 pg. 151 Google Scholar PubMed OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat Monath et al., 1980 Monath T.P. , Craven R.B. , Adjukiewicz A. , Germain M. , Francy D.B. , Ferrara L. , Samba E.M. , M'jie H. , Cham K. , Fitzgerald S.A. , Crippen P.H. , Simpson D.I.H. , Bowen E.T.W. , Fabiyi A. , Salaun J.-J. . Yellow fever in the Gambia, 1978–1979: epidemiologic aspects with observations on the occurrence of Orungo virus infections , American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene , 1980 , vol. 29 (pg. 912 - 928 ) Google Scholar PubMed OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat Pinto and Filipe, 1973 Pinto M.R. , Filipe A.R. . Arbovirus studies in Luanda, Angola. I. Virolpgical and serological studies during a yellow fever epidemic , Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 1973 , vol. 49 (pg. 31 - 35 ) Google Scholar PubMed OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat Schlesinger et al., 1983 Schlesinger J.J. , Brandriss M.W. , Monath T.P. . Monoclonal antibodies distinguish between wild and vaccine strains of yellow fever virus by neutralization, haemagglutination inhibition and immune precipitation of the virus envelope protein , Virology , 1983 , vol. 125 (pg. 8 - 17 ) Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat This content is only available as a PDF.

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Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene – Oxford University Press

Published: May 1, 1989

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