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Amphetamine: Effects on Catecholamine Systems and Behavior

Amphetamine: Effects on Catecholamine Systems and Behavior "Amphetamine is one of the most versatile drugs known. It undergoes a complex metabolic fate, it markedly alters the physiological disposition of n orepinephrine and it causes pronounced pharmacological and behavioral effects." Julius Axelrod (1). Discovery, Effects and Early Uses Amphetamine (AMPH) was first synthesized in 1887 (2). The sympathomi­ metic and respiratory stimulant effects of AMPH were described in 1933 (3-5) and in 1 935 its stimulant actions were found to be useful in the treatment of narcolepsy (6) . AMPH has been used for the treatment of obesity (7) , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (8) , and occasionally for Parkinson's disease (9) . AMPH causes euphoria and stimulation in humans , and these effects often lead to its habitual use or abuse. With repeated AMPH use, tolerance to its effects on mood often develops and the dose is escalated (7, 10). Large doses of AMPH can induce a psychotic state resembling paranoid schizophrenia (11-13). The effects of AMPH in humans have close parallels in animals. At low doses , AMPH increases stereotypic locomotor activity and species-specific stereotypies at higher doses ( 1 4); AMPH interferes with intake 0362-1 642/93/04 15-0639$02.00 SEIDEN, SABOL & RICAURTE of http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology Annual Reviews

Amphetamine: Effects on Catecholamine Systems and Behavior

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Publisher
Annual Reviews
Copyright
Copyright 1993 Annual Reviews. All rights reserved
Subject
Review Articles
ISSN
0362-1642
eISSN
1545-4304
DOI
10.1146/annurev.pa.33.040193.003231
pmid
8494354
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

"Amphetamine is one of the most versatile drugs known. It undergoes a complex metabolic fate, it markedly alters the physiological disposition of n orepinephrine and it causes pronounced pharmacological and behavioral effects." Julius Axelrod (1). Discovery, Effects and Early Uses Amphetamine (AMPH) was first synthesized in 1887 (2). The sympathomi­ metic and respiratory stimulant effects of AMPH were described in 1933 (3-5) and in 1 935 its stimulant actions were found to be useful in the treatment of narcolepsy (6) . AMPH has been used for the treatment of obesity (7) , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (8) , and occasionally for Parkinson's disease (9) . AMPH causes euphoria and stimulation in humans , and these effects often lead to its habitual use or abuse. With repeated AMPH use, tolerance to its effects on mood often develops and the dose is escalated (7, 10). Large doses of AMPH can induce a psychotic state resembling paranoid schizophrenia (11-13). The effects of AMPH in humans have close parallels in animals. At low doses , AMPH increases stereotypic locomotor activity and species-specific stereotypies at higher doses ( 1 4); AMPH interferes with intake 0362-1 642/93/04 15-0639$02.00 SEIDEN, SABOL & RICAURTE of

Journal

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology – Annual Reviews

Published: Apr 1, 1993

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