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Human Rights and Structural Adjustment

Human Rights and Structural Adjustment Journal of Human Rights, 7:397–399, 2008 Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1475-4835 print / 1475-4843 online DOI: 10.1080/14754830802476910 Review Essay ZEHRA F. KABASAKAL ARAT Book under review in this essay: Human Rights and Structural Adjustment,byM. Rodwan Abouharb and David Cingranelli. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 276 pp. Paperback. The structural adjustment programs (SAPs), which are imposed on developing countries that apply to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or to the World Bank for loans, have been subject to criticism for a long time. The IMF and the Bank require SAPs as conditions for lending and demand applicant governments to tighten their belts by reducing spend- ing; liberalize their economies through privatization, deregulation, and trade liberalization; encourage exports by devaluating the national currency; increase government revenues by adopting tax reforms; secure property rights to attract foreign investment; and freeze wages to fight inflation. Entailing the elimination or reduction of government subsidies on food and utilities, cuts in social spending, lay-offs, and regressive tax systems, the SAPs affect the fixed- and low-income groups disproportionally and thus are referred to as “austerity measures” by their critics. A group of these critics has defined these negative impacts of the http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Journal of Human Rights Taylor & Francis

Human Rights and Structural Adjustment

Kabasakal Arat, Zehra F.
Journal of Human Rights , Volume 7 (4): 3 – Dec 4, 2008
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Publisher
Taylor & Francis
Copyright
Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ISSN
1475-4843
eISSN
1475-4835
DOI
10.1080/14754830802476910
Publisher site
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Abstract

Journal of Human Rights, 7:397–399, 2008 Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1475-4835 print / 1475-4843 online DOI: 10.1080/14754830802476910 Review Essay ZEHRA F. KABASAKAL ARAT Book under review in this essay: Human Rights and Structural Adjustment,byM. Rodwan Abouharb and David Cingranelli. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 276 pp. Paperback. The structural adjustment programs (SAPs), which are imposed on developing countries that apply to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or to the World Bank for loans, have been subject to criticism for a long time. The IMF and the Bank require SAPs as conditions for lending and demand applicant governments to tighten their belts by reducing spend- ing; liberalize their economies through privatization, deregulation, and trade liberalization; encourage exports by devaluating the national currency; increase government revenues by adopting tax reforms; secure property rights to attract foreign investment; and freeze wages to fight inflation. Entailing the elimination or reduction of government subsidies on food and utilities, cuts in social spending, lay-offs, and regressive tax systems, the SAPs affect the fixed- and low-income groups disproportionally and thus are referred to as “austerity measures” by their critics. A group of these critics has defined these negative impacts of the

Journal

Journal of Human Rights – Taylor & Francis

Published: Dec 4, 2008

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