The Effects of Exercise on Mood in Older Adults: A Meta-Analytic Review
Abstract
<jats:p>This meta-analysis examined the exercise-mood relationship in older adults. 158 effect sizes (<jats:italic>ES</jats:italic>s) from 32 studies were grouped intoexperimental-versus-control, gains, and correlational ESs. Each study was coded for moderator variables related to descriptive, design, participant, exercise, and mood-assessment characteristics. Experimental-versus-control <jats:italic>ES</jats:italic>s for negative (NA) and positive affect (PA) were 0.35 (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .05) and 0.33 (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> > .05), respectively, with an overall <jats:italic>ES</jats:italic> of 0.34, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .05. The gains <jats:italic>ES</jats:italic>s for NA and PA in an exercise group were 0.39 (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .05) and 0.35 (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .05), respectively, with an overall <jats:italic>ES</jats:italic> of 0.38, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .05. All effects were significantly greater than those for the control groups. Correlational <jats:italic>ES</jats:italic>s of 0.47 and 0.42 were found for NA and PA. respectively. It was concluded that chronic exercise is associated with improved mood in the elderly. Moderating variables and implications for exercise prescription to improve mood in the elderly are discussed.</jats:p>
