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Lateral line makes Pachón cavefish sleepless

Lateral line makes Pachón cavefish sleepless © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 133-135 INSIDE JEB 10.1242/jeb.154187 as it was difficult to measure the speed of Super-sensitive seal the jets of water encountered by the seals Niesterok, B., Krü ger, Y., Wieskotten, S., whiskers feel fish breath against the background of the sea’s Dehnhardt, G. and Hanke, W. (2017). Hydrodynamic detection and localization of natural turbulence. artificial flatfish breathing currents by harbour seals (Phoca vitulina). J. Exp. Biol. 220, 174-185. As camouflaged flatfish angle pulses of Kathryn Knight water upward at about 45 deg out of their gills, Hanke and Benedikt Niesterok constructed a platform 1 m below the surface of the enclosure with eight Charred remains trigger angled nozzles that could be torpor in antechinus independently activated by a pump to simulate a flounder exhaling at survivors Henry the seal preparing to test the sensitivity of −1 ∼25 cm s . Then, having trained the his whiskers to jets of water. Photo credit: Marine Science Center Rostock. seals to swim counter-clockwise around the platform with and without a Plunging through gentle swell in the blindfold, Niesterok, Hanke, Yvonne northern oceans in search of food, harbour Krüger and Sven Wieskotten filmed the seals are guided by a cryptic superpower animals’ responses and were impressed that few fish can evade. ‘Fish produce lots to see that the blindfolded seals could of water flow that remains in the water, sense a continuous jet of water, even after the fish has gone’, says Wolf regardless of the direction from which Hanke, from the University of Rostock, they approached. And when the team A yellow footed antechinus, Antechinus flavipes. Germany, and it is these swirling wakes stepped up the challenge by pulsing the Photo credit: Clare Stawski. that betray the presence of fish dinners. A simulated breath jet to reproduce the hungry seal can sense the tell-tale exhalation pattern of a flounder, both of Few creatures can outrun a forest fire as it turbulence left by a passing fish with the animals that participated in the test engulfs everything in its path. For small flow-sensitive whiskers on its snout, successfully picked out the active nozzle marsupials, such as fat-tailed dunnarts and before pursuing the hapless victim’s trail. with their whiskers. However, high- yellow-footed antechinus, the best hope is However, seals are not limited to hunting speed approaches impacted on their to nestle deep down in burrows and in in open water. Explaining that it was success, with the animals overshooting nests in rocky fissures until the inferno has −1 apparent from crittercam movies that the the fake flounder at speeds of 1.3 m s , passed over. However, the aftermath can diving mammals also stalk seafloor- while they recorded the most success at be equally as risky as the flames −1 dwelling species, Hanke and his speeds ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 m s . themselves. ‘We were interested in how colleagues were curious to find out how Niesterok also noticed that one of the animals can survive after a fire, when the seals pinpoint well-camouflaged static seals retracted its head towards its landscape is often devoid of food and flatfish that would evade even the sharpest shoulders as it closed in on the jet of vegetative ground cover’, says Clare eyes. Could the predators be honing in on water; ‘It can move its head in a way that Stawski, from the University of New the gentle jet of water produced by the slows down the sensory system in the England, Australia. Having already concealed fish’s gills with their super- water, using the head movement and not discovered that one successful survival sensitive whiskers? the swimming itself’, Hanke says. strategy is to hunker down and go into torpor – when the animal lowers its body Having studied the seals’ extraordinarily Having confirmed that the seals’ sensitive temperature and reduces its metabolic rate sensitive flow sensation for more than a whiskers are capable of detecting the to conserve energy – Stawski and her decade, Guido Dehnhardt’s team a the breathing currents of flatfish submerged colleagues Fritz Geiser, Julia Nowack and University of Rostock had three willing beneath the sand and knowing that Gerhard Körtner were curious to find out harbour seal colleagues – Henry, Filou many fish species are capable of which factors trigger the onset of torpor in and Luca – who were well prepared to holding their breath, Hanke speculates animals that have survived a blaze. help tackle this question. And despite that flatfish may stop breathing living in captivity all of their lives, the deliberately to avoid revealing their Reasoning that the food scarcity is a cue animals were adept at catching flatfish on location as seals sail past. ‘It seems that could trigger an energy-conserving the bottom of their outdoor enclosure: conceivable that the detection of drop in body temperature, Stawski and her ‘The fish enter the netting of the semi- breathing currents by predators is one of colleagues also wondered whether smoke natural enclosure and the seals hunt the evolutionary drivers for this and the environmental scars that remain – them’, says Hanke. However, working in respiratory suppression in fish, such as ash and charcoal – could also the semi-natural setting has its drawbacks, he says’. trigger torpor in antechinus wildfire Inside JEB highlights the key developments in Journal of Experimental Biology. Written by science journalists, the short reports give the inside viewof the science in JEB. Journal of Experimental Biology INSIDE JEB Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 133-135 survivors. ‘It took several weeks to capture sensitive hair cells in the hearing systems of Lateral line makes enough animals in the wild’, says Stawski, mammals, Keene recorded the fish’ssleep Pachón cavefish who explains that the nocturnal animals are patterns and was impressed to see that the most active on warm nights; ‘our capture cavefish now slept as much as their surface sleepless rates were often sporadic and influenced by cousins. This suggests that enhanced the weather’, she recalls. Back in the lab, sensory input underlies the evolutionarily Stawski and Körtner gently inserted minute derived sleep loss in Pachón cavefish, and temperature loggers inside the animals’ the team adds, ‘these findings reveal a body cavities before allowing them to roam wake-promoting role for the lateral line’. free in an enclosure. Then, Stawski and However, when Jaggard tested the impact Nowack embarked on a month-long series of gentamicin on other sleepless cavefish of experiments in which the antechinus populations (Molino, Tinaja, Los Sabinos experienced a series of situations that they and Chica cavefish), none of them gained might undergo during and after a fire, more sleep time, suggesting that each of the A Pachón cavefish at the surface of the water. including: smoke billowing through the Photo credit: Pavel Masek. subterranean populations has enclosure, reduced food supply and, on one independently evolved distinct occasion, ash and charcoal spread over the As life choices go, it might seem extreme, mechanisms for regulating sleep. ground to simulate the conditions after a but for blind Mexican cavefish, the choice firestorm. Meanwhile, the team recorded to forgo sight was probably a no-brainer: Another question that intrigued Jaggard and the marsupials’ body temperatures in eye running-costs are high in the dark, Keene was why cavefish miss out on sleep. search of the tell-tale temperature dip that is oxygen-poor cave waters where the fish As sleep loss could extend the time available the hallmark of torpor. make their homes. In addition, many truly for foraging in their barren cave homes, the sightless cavefish also make do with very duo starved Pachón fish and discovered that Remarkably, each of the scenarios triggered little sleep, requiring as little as 5–20% of the hungry animals increased the amount of −1 a significant drop in the animals’ body the sleep required by their surface- sleep to ∼6hday . So, the fish may be able temperatures. While the females doubled the dwelling cousins. But Alex Keene, from to modulate the amount of sleep that they amount of time that they dropped their body Florida Atlantic University, USA, take depending on food availability to temperatures to conserve energy in response highlights that ‘little was known about the maximise foraging opportunities when food to each of the wildfire scenarios, the males neural mechanisms underlying this is available. increased the amount of time when they dramatic behavioural shift’. Intrigued by were torpid 6.5-fold when smoke filled the Finally, Jaggard tested which flow the phenomenon, Keene and graduate enclosure and their food supply was reduced sensitive receptors on the surface of the student James Jaggard began by half. However, when Stawski and Pachon fish are responsible for keeping investigating the neural mechanisms that Nowack spread ash and charcoal throughout have led cavefish populations to reduce the fish awake longer, by selectively the enclosure, the small marsupials their dependence on sleep. coating the flow sensors on different increased the amount of time they were portions of the body with adhesive. torpid by 14.3-fold. ‘We were surprised that Explaining that sleep is defined as Recording how much the fish slept, the combination of charcoal and ash with occurring when animals are slow to Jaggard could see that the flow sensors on smoke and food reduction elicited such a respond to physical stimuli, Jaggard the fish’s head and trunk were essential strong response’, says Stawski. In addition, focused on the Pachón cavefish for regulating sleep, as the treated fish she noticed that the usually nocturnal population – which have dramatically slept more. And when he compared the animals became significantly more active reduced their eyes – filming the fish for amount of time that the fish indulged in during daylight at the first sniff of smoke. 24 h to determine how long they sleep. sleep between individuals – which can She says, ‘It is likely that smoke is perceived Categorizing fish as asleep when they vary significantly – it was clear that the as a warning signal’, which probably gives ceased moving for 60 s or more, Jaggard fish that slept the least had the greatest the animals a chance to find a refuge and noticed that the cave fish took fewer sleep numbers of flow sensors. improve their chances of survival. bouts, only achieving a total of ∼1hof sleep a day, compared with the ∼7 h taken Summing up, Keene says, ‘The evolution Having discovered that antechinus use a in more frequent bouts by the sighted of enhanced sensory capabilities combination of cues – including charred relatives above ground. But what contributes to sleep loss in cavefish’, and remains, ash, smoke and food reduction – to mechanism has caused the cavefish to cut he is eager to selectively disable the lateral trigger torpor and hunker down in the wake their sleep so dramatically? line sensors in order to learn more about of an inferno, Stawski is now keen to learn their contribution to sleep regulation in more about how antechinus populations As sensory systems – such as vision, these extraordinary fish. recover after fire has swept through. hearing and smell – are known to play a 10.1242/jeb.154393 significant role in regulating sleep, Jaggard and Keene decided to inactivate the fish’s 10.1242/jeb.154385 Jaggard, J., Robinson, B. G., Stahl, B. A., Oh, I., lateral line – which senses water flow and Masek, P., Yoshizawa, M. and Keene, A. C Stawski, C., Nowack, J., Kö rtner, G. and Geiser, F the presence of prey – to find out whether (2017). The lateral line confers evolutionarily (2017). A new cue for torpor induction: charcoal, derived sleep loss in the Mexican cavefish. that system affected the fish’s sleep pattern. ash and smoke. J. Exp. Biol. 220, 220-226. J. Exp. Biol. 220, 284-293. Bathing the fish in the antibiotic Kathryn Knight Kathryn Knight gentamicin, which damages vibration- Journal of Experimental Biology INSIDE JEB Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 133-135 Wolf spiders’ three pairs of odometer eyes Lurking at the top of a burrow concealed the wily arachnids use to keep track of covered, but only stopped 3 cm before the in a cunningly constructed turret of how far they have travelled. burrow when the large posterior median twigs, leaves and stones, hungry wolf eyes were covered. spiders (Lycosa tarantula) keep all eight After training the spiders to run 30 cm eyes peeled, ready to ambush the next along a channel lined with stripy So the two outermost pairs of eyes and the passing meal. However, after pursuing wallpaper to their burrow, Ortega- posterior median eyes in the front of the and subduing the hapless victim, the Escobar fitted water-soluble blinds to the spider’s head hold the key to the ravenous arachnid has to drag its quarry spider’s posterior lateral eyes and arachnid’s ability to keep track of how far home before feasting. Joaquín Ortega- posterior median eyes, and then it has travelled, and Ortega-Escobar says, Escobar, from the University Autónoma encouraged the spiders to scamper home. ‘L. tarantula probably integrates the of Madrid, Spain, explains that the Impressively, the spiders were able to information gathered through the anterior spiders keep track of the direction and accurately gauge the return distance when lateral eyes and the posterior median eyes distance travelled on the outbound leg of the large posterior median eyes were to get an image of the changes observed in the hunt, so that they can return home covered; however, when the posterior the substratum that can be used for along the most direct route instead of lateral eyes were obscured, the spiders orientation when returning to their burrow retracing their steps directly. The animals pulled up 3 cm short of their home site. after looking for prey’. rely on a polarized light compass And the spiders’ ability to estimate the 10.1242/jeb.154369 associated with the minute pair of distance travelled was most compromised anterior median eyes at the front of the when the stripy wallpaper was replaced Ortega-Escobar, J. and Ruiz, M. A. (2017). Role of head to determine their orientation, and with a stripy carpet. Coating the tiny the different eyes in the visual odometry in the wolf spider Lycosa tarantula (Araneae, Lycosidae). an odometer that measures the movement anterior lateral eyes and the posterior J. Exp. Biol. 220, 259-265. of images across the retina to determine median eyes in black paint, the spiders the distance covered. However, it was stopped 7 cm short of the full 30 cm home Kathryn Knight [email protected] not clear which of the four pairs of eyes run when the anterior lateral eyes were Journal of Experimental Biology http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Journal of Experimental Biology The Company of Biologists

Lateral line makes Pachón cavefish sleepless

Kathryn, Knight,
Journal of Experimental Biology , Volume 220 (2) – Jan 15, 2017
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The Company of Biologists
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© 2021 The Company of Biologists. All rights reserved.
ISSN
0022-0949
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1477-9145
DOI
10.1242/jeb.154393
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Abstract

© 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 133-135 INSIDE JEB 10.1242/jeb.154187 as it was difficult to measure the speed of Super-sensitive seal the jets of water encountered by the seals Niesterok, B., Krü ger, Y., Wieskotten, S., whiskers feel fish breath against the background of the sea’s Dehnhardt, G. and Hanke, W. (2017). Hydrodynamic detection and localization of natural turbulence. artificial flatfish breathing currents by harbour seals (Phoca vitulina). J. Exp. Biol. 220, 174-185. As camouflaged flatfish angle pulses of Kathryn Knight water upward at about 45 deg out of their gills, Hanke and Benedikt Niesterok constructed a platform 1 m below the surface of the enclosure with eight Charred remains trigger angled nozzles that could be torpor in antechinus independently activated by a pump to simulate a flounder exhaling at survivors Henry the seal preparing to test the sensitivity of −1 ∼25 cm s . Then, having trained the his whiskers to jets of water. Photo credit: Marine Science Center Rostock. seals to swim counter-clockwise around the platform with and without a Plunging through gentle swell in the blindfold, Niesterok, Hanke, Yvonne northern oceans in search of food, harbour Krüger and Sven Wieskotten filmed the seals are guided by a cryptic superpower animals’ responses and were impressed that few fish can evade. ‘Fish produce lots to see that the blindfolded seals could of water flow that remains in the water, sense a continuous jet of water, even after the fish has gone’, says Wolf regardless of the direction from which Hanke, from the University of Rostock, they approached. And when the team A yellow footed antechinus, Antechinus flavipes. Germany, and it is these swirling wakes stepped up the challenge by pulsing the Photo credit: Clare Stawski. that betray the presence of fish dinners. A simulated breath jet to reproduce the hungry seal can sense the tell-tale exhalation pattern of a flounder, both of Few creatures can outrun a forest fire as it turbulence left by a passing fish with the animals that participated in the test engulfs everything in its path. For small flow-sensitive whiskers on its snout, successfully picked out the active nozzle marsupials, such as fat-tailed dunnarts and before pursuing the hapless victim’s trail. with their whiskers. However, high- yellow-footed antechinus, the best hope is However, seals are not limited to hunting speed approaches impacted on their to nestle deep down in burrows and in in open water. Explaining that it was success, with the animals overshooting nests in rocky fissures until the inferno has −1 apparent from crittercam movies that the the fake flounder at speeds of 1.3 m s , passed over. However, the aftermath can diving mammals also stalk seafloor- while they recorded the most success at be equally as risky as the flames −1 dwelling species, Hanke and his speeds ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 m s . themselves. ‘We were interested in how colleagues were curious to find out how Niesterok also noticed that one of the animals can survive after a fire, when the seals pinpoint well-camouflaged static seals retracted its head towards its landscape is often devoid of food and flatfish that would evade even the sharpest shoulders as it closed in on the jet of vegetative ground cover’, says Clare eyes. Could the predators be honing in on water; ‘It can move its head in a way that Stawski, from the University of New the gentle jet of water produced by the slows down the sensory system in the England, Australia. Having already concealed fish’s gills with their super- water, using the head movement and not discovered that one successful survival sensitive whiskers? the swimming itself’, Hanke says. strategy is to hunker down and go into torpor – when the animal lowers its body Having studied the seals’ extraordinarily Having confirmed that the seals’ sensitive temperature and reduces its metabolic rate sensitive flow sensation for more than a whiskers are capable of detecting the to conserve energy – Stawski and her decade, Guido Dehnhardt’s team a the breathing currents of flatfish submerged colleagues Fritz Geiser, Julia Nowack and University of Rostock had three willing beneath the sand and knowing that Gerhard Körtner were curious to find out harbour seal colleagues – Henry, Filou many fish species are capable of which factors trigger the onset of torpor in and Luca – who were well prepared to holding their breath, Hanke speculates animals that have survived a blaze. help tackle this question. And despite that flatfish may stop breathing living in captivity all of their lives, the deliberately to avoid revealing their Reasoning that the food scarcity is a cue animals were adept at catching flatfish on location as seals sail past. ‘It seems that could trigger an energy-conserving the bottom of their outdoor enclosure: conceivable that the detection of drop in body temperature, Stawski and her ‘The fish enter the netting of the semi- breathing currents by predators is one of colleagues also wondered whether smoke natural enclosure and the seals hunt the evolutionary drivers for this and the environmental scars that remain – them’, says Hanke. However, working in respiratory suppression in fish, such as ash and charcoal – could also the semi-natural setting has its drawbacks, he says’. trigger torpor in antechinus wildfire Inside JEB highlights the key developments in Journal of Experimental Biology. Written by science journalists, the short reports give the inside viewof the science in JEB. Journal of Experimental Biology INSIDE JEB Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 133-135 survivors. ‘It took several weeks to capture sensitive hair cells in the hearing systems of Lateral line makes enough animals in the wild’, says Stawski, mammals, Keene recorded the fish’ssleep Pachón cavefish who explains that the nocturnal animals are patterns and was impressed to see that the most active on warm nights; ‘our capture cavefish now slept as much as their surface sleepless rates were often sporadic and influenced by cousins. This suggests that enhanced the weather’, she recalls. Back in the lab, sensory input underlies the evolutionarily Stawski and Körtner gently inserted minute derived sleep loss in Pachón cavefish, and temperature loggers inside the animals’ the team adds, ‘these findings reveal a body cavities before allowing them to roam wake-promoting role for the lateral line’. free in an enclosure. Then, Stawski and However, when Jaggard tested the impact Nowack embarked on a month-long series of gentamicin on other sleepless cavefish of experiments in which the antechinus populations (Molino, Tinaja, Los Sabinos experienced a series of situations that they and Chica cavefish), none of them gained might undergo during and after a fire, more sleep time, suggesting that each of the A Pachón cavefish at the surface of the water. including: smoke billowing through the Photo credit: Pavel Masek. subterranean populations has enclosure, reduced food supply and, on one independently evolved distinct occasion, ash and charcoal spread over the As life choices go, it might seem extreme, mechanisms for regulating sleep. ground to simulate the conditions after a but for blind Mexican cavefish, the choice firestorm. Meanwhile, the team recorded to forgo sight was probably a no-brainer: Another question that intrigued Jaggard and the marsupials’ body temperatures in eye running-costs are high in the dark, Keene was why cavefish miss out on sleep. search of the tell-tale temperature dip that is oxygen-poor cave waters where the fish As sleep loss could extend the time available the hallmark of torpor. make their homes. In addition, many truly for foraging in their barren cave homes, the sightless cavefish also make do with very duo starved Pachón fish and discovered that Remarkably, each of the scenarios triggered little sleep, requiring as little as 5–20% of the hungry animals increased the amount of −1 a significant drop in the animals’ body the sleep required by their surface- sleep to ∼6hday . So, the fish may be able temperatures. While the females doubled the dwelling cousins. But Alex Keene, from to modulate the amount of sleep that they amount of time that they dropped their body Florida Atlantic University, USA, take depending on food availability to temperatures to conserve energy in response highlights that ‘little was known about the maximise foraging opportunities when food to each of the wildfire scenarios, the males neural mechanisms underlying this is available. increased the amount of time when they dramatic behavioural shift’. Intrigued by were torpid 6.5-fold when smoke filled the Finally, Jaggard tested which flow the phenomenon, Keene and graduate enclosure and their food supply was reduced sensitive receptors on the surface of the student James Jaggard began by half. However, when Stawski and Pachon fish are responsible for keeping investigating the neural mechanisms that Nowack spread ash and charcoal throughout have led cavefish populations to reduce the fish awake longer, by selectively the enclosure, the small marsupials their dependence on sleep. coating the flow sensors on different increased the amount of time they were portions of the body with adhesive. torpid by 14.3-fold. ‘We were surprised that Explaining that sleep is defined as Recording how much the fish slept, the combination of charcoal and ash with occurring when animals are slow to Jaggard could see that the flow sensors on smoke and food reduction elicited such a respond to physical stimuli, Jaggard the fish’s head and trunk were essential strong response’, says Stawski. In addition, focused on the Pachón cavefish for regulating sleep, as the treated fish she noticed that the usually nocturnal population – which have dramatically slept more. And when he compared the animals became significantly more active reduced their eyes – filming the fish for amount of time that the fish indulged in during daylight at the first sniff of smoke. 24 h to determine how long they sleep. sleep between individuals – which can She says, ‘It is likely that smoke is perceived Categorizing fish as asleep when they vary significantly – it was clear that the as a warning signal’, which probably gives ceased moving for 60 s or more, Jaggard fish that slept the least had the greatest the animals a chance to find a refuge and noticed that the cave fish took fewer sleep numbers of flow sensors. improve their chances of survival. bouts, only achieving a total of ∼1hof sleep a day, compared with the ∼7 h taken Summing up, Keene says, ‘The evolution Having discovered that antechinus use a in more frequent bouts by the sighted of enhanced sensory capabilities combination of cues – including charred relatives above ground. But what contributes to sleep loss in cavefish’, and remains, ash, smoke and food reduction – to mechanism has caused the cavefish to cut he is eager to selectively disable the lateral trigger torpor and hunker down in the wake their sleep so dramatically? line sensors in order to learn more about of an inferno, Stawski is now keen to learn their contribution to sleep regulation in more about how antechinus populations As sensory systems – such as vision, these extraordinary fish. recover after fire has swept through. hearing and smell – are known to play a 10.1242/jeb.154393 significant role in regulating sleep, Jaggard and Keene decided to inactivate the fish’s 10.1242/jeb.154385 Jaggard, J., Robinson, B. G., Stahl, B. A., Oh, I., lateral line – which senses water flow and Masek, P., Yoshizawa, M. and Keene, A. C Stawski, C., Nowack, J., Kö rtner, G. and Geiser, F the presence of prey – to find out whether (2017). The lateral line confers evolutionarily (2017). A new cue for torpor induction: charcoal, derived sleep loss in the Mexican cavefish. that system affected the fish’s sleep pattern. ash and smoke. J. Exp. Biol. 220, 220-226. J. Exp. Biol. 220, 284-293. Bathing the fish in the antibiotic Kathryn Knight Kathryn Knight gentamicin, which damages vibration- Journal of Experimental Biology INSIDE JEB Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 133-135 Wolf spiders’ three pairs of odometer eyes Lurking at the top of a burrow concealed the wily arachnids use to keep track of covered, but only stopped 3 cm before the in a cunningly constructed turret of how far they have travelled. burrow when the large posterior median twigs, leaves and stones, hungry wolf eyes were covered. spiders (Lycosa tarantula) keep all eight After training the spiders to run 30 cm eyes peeled, ready to ambush the next along a channel lined with stripy So the two outermost pairs of eyes and the passing meal. However, after pursuing wallpaper to their burrow, Ortega- posterior median eyes in the front of the and subduing the hapless victim, the Escobar fitted water-soluble blinds to the spider’s head hold the key to the ravenous arachnid has to drag its quarry spider’s posterior lateral eyes and arachnid’s ability to keep track of how far home before feasting. Joaquín Ortega- posterior median eyes, and then it has travelled, and Ortega-Escobar says, Escobar, from the University Autónoma encouraged the spiders to scamper home. ‘L. tarantula probably integrates the of Madrid, Spain, explains that the Impressively, the spiders were able to information gathered through the anterior spiders keep track of the direction and accurately gauge the return distance when lateral eyes and the posterior median eyes distance travelled on the outbound leg of the large posterior median eyes were to get an image of the changes observed in the hunt, so that they can return home covered; however, when the posterior the substratum that can be used for along the most direct route instead of lateral eyes were obscured, the spiders orientation when returning to their burrow retracing their steps directly. The animals pulled up 3 cm short of their home site. after looking for prey’. rely on a polarized light compass And the spiders’ ability to estimate the 10.1242/jeb.154369 associated with the minute pair of distance travelled was most compromised anterior median eyes at the front of the when the stripy wallpaper was replaced Ortega-Escobar, J. and Ruiz, M. A. (2017). Role of head to determine their orientation, and with a stripy carpet. Coating the tiny the different eyes in the visual odometry in the wolf spider Lycosa tarantula (Araneae, Lycosidae). an odometer that measures the movement anterior lateral eyes and the posterior J. Exp. Biol. 220, 259-265. of images across the retina to determine median eyes in black paint, the spiders the distance covered. However, it was stopped 7 cm short of the full 30 cm home Kathryn Knight [email protected] not clear which of the four pairs of eyes run when the anterior lateral eyes were Journal of Experimental Biology

Journal

Journal of Experimental Biology – The Company of Biologists

Published: Jan 15, 2017

There are no references for this article.