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Histone exchange, chromatin structure and the regulation of transcription

Histone exchange, chromatin structure and the regulation of transcription Histone exchange involves the partial or complete exchange of nucleosomes for newer or altered components. This process occurs sequentially through the removal and the replacement of the H2A–H2B dimers followed by the H3–H4 tetramer. Several factors that affect the stability of the nucleosome influence the process of histone exchange. These include chromatin modifiers, chromatin remodellers and histone chaperones. Destabilization of the nucleosome allows histone exchange to proceed, often resulting in the replacement of canonical histones with variants that carry out specialized cellular functions. Histone exchange features prominently during the process of transcription initiation and elongation. A combination of variant exchange and turnover of histone subunits drives RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-mediated transcription. Resetting of chromatin is a crucial process used by the cell to reassemble the nucleosomes that are lost during the transcription process. The co-transcriptional histone H3 lysine 36 methylation mark uses a multipronged approach to prevent histone exchange over coding regions. Limiting unobstructed histone exchange over coding regions of genes is necessary to prevent aberrant initiation of transcription. Given the importance of non-coding RNA in the development of diseases, understanding how they are produced has immense value. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Springer Journals

Histone exchange, chromatin structure and the regulation of transcription

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References (177)

Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © 2015 by Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.
Subject
Life Sciences; Life Sciences, general; Cell Biology; Cancer Research; Developmental Biology; Stem Cells; Biochemistry, general
ISSN
1471-0072
eISSN
1471-0080
DOI
10.1038/nrm3941
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Histone exchange involves the partial or complete exchange of nucleosomes for newer or altered components. This process occurs sequentially through the removal and the replacement of the H2A–H2B dimers followed by the H3–H4 tetramer. Several factors that affect the stability of the nucleosome influence the process of histone exchange. These include chromatin modifiers, chromatin remodellers and histone chaperones. Destabilization of the nucleosome allows histone exchange to proceed, often resulting in the replacement of canonical histones with variants that carry out specialized cellular functions. Histone exchange features prominently during the process of transcription initiation and elongation. A combination of variant exchange and turnover of histone subunits drives RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-mediated transcription. Resetting of chromatin is a crucial process used by the cell to reassemble the nucleosomes that are lost during the transcription process. The co-transcriptional histone H3 lysine 36 methylation mark uses a multipronged approach to prevent histone exchange over coding regions. Limiting unobstructed histone exchange over coding regions of genes is necessary to prevent aberrant initiation of transcription. Given the importance of non-coding RNA in the development of diseases, understanding how they are produced has immense value.

Journal

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell BiologySpringer Journals

Published: Feb 4, 2015

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