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Gender polymorphism in flowers of Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (Caryophyllaceae)

Gender polymorphism in flowers of Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (Caryophyllaceae) Abstract Silene vulgaris occurs in Israel as a stolonifcrous tetraploid which forms mostly sexually polymorphic populations. Fully hermaphrodite and fully male-sterile plants are linked by a range of intermediate forms which are gynomonoecious and bear hermaphrodite, male-sterile, and partially male-sterile flowers. Male-sterile flowers differ from hermaphrodite ones by having a narrower calyx, a shorter corolla, a thicker style, and a considerably larger stigmatic area with longer papillae which are more markedly bulbous basally. In individual anthers of hermaphrodite flowers, diameters of stained pollen grains showed a continuous variation from 36 to 80 μm with a modal value of 56. About 30% of pollen was found to be non-stainable. Reduction in male fertility occurs at different levels, from small or inviable pollen grains through abortion of single anthers, abortion of entire androecia, and through different degrees of gynomonoecy to totally male-sterile individuals. The proportion of stainable pollen to ovules in hermaphrodite flowers alone was found to be less than 100. From the data presented, less than a third of all ovules produced in the different kinds of flower develop into seeds. This may reflect an inadequacy of pollen, which the local population of S. vulgaris can tolerate because of its stoloniferous habit. Gender-linked floral polymorphism, gynomonoecy, male sterility, pollen, Silene vulgaris, stigmas REFERENCES AESCHIMANN , D. 1983 . Le Silene vulgaris s. 1. (Caryophyllaceae), évolution vers une mauvaise herbe . Candollea , 38 : 575 – 617 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat AESCHIMANN , D. & BOCQUET , G. 1980 . Les types biologiques du Silene vulgaris s. 1. (Caryophyllaceae) . Candollea , 35 : 451 – 495 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat BAKER , A. J. M. & DALBY , D. M. 1980 . Morphological variation between some isolated populations of Silene maritima within the British Isles with particular reference to inland populations on metalliferous soils . New Phytologist , 84 : 123 – 138 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat BAKER , H. G. 1966 . The evolution of floral heteromorphism and gynodioecism in Silene maritima . Heredity , 21 : 689 – 692 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat BROCKMANN , J. & BOCQUET , G. 1978 . Ökologische Einflusse auf die Geschlechtsverteilung bei Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (Caryophyllaceae) . Berichte der deutschen botanischen Gesellschaft , 91 : 217 – 230 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat CHARLESWORTH , B. & CHARLESWORTH , D. 1978 . A model for the evolution of dioecy and gynodioecy . American Naturalist , 112 : 975 – 997 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat CHARLESWORTH , D. 1981 . A further study of the problem of maintenance of females in gynodioecious species . Heredity , 46 : 27 – 39 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat CROWE , L. K. 1964 . The evolution of outbreeding in plants. I. The angiosperms . Heredity , 19 : 435 – 457 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat CRUDEN , W. C. 1977 . Pollen-ovule ratios: a conservative indicator of breeding systems in flowering plants . Evolution , 31 : 32 – 46 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat FRANKEL , R. & GALUN , E. 1977 . Pollination Mechanisms, Reproduction and Plant Breeding . Berlin : Springer Verlag . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC FRIEDRICH , H. C. 1979 . Silene L. In Hegi G. Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa . 2nd Edition, 3 ( 2 ), Rechinger K. H. (ed.) 1043 – 1153 . Berlin & Hamburg : Paul Parey . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC GROSS , K. L. & SOULE , J. D. 1981 . Differences in biomass allocation to reproductive and vegetative structures of male and female plants of a dioecious, perennial herb, Silene alba (Miller) Krause . American Journal of Botany , 68 : 801 – 807 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat HESLOP-HARRISON , J. 1964 . Sex expression in flowering plants . Brookhaven Symposia in Biology , 16 : 109 – 125 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat HESLOP-HARRISON , J. & HESLOP-HARRISON , Y. 1958 . Photoperiod, auxin and sex balance in a long-day plant . Mature, London , 181 : 100 – 102 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat HOROVITZ , A. GALIL , J. NEVET , J. & IOFE , J. 1972 . Bulb habit and reproduction in different ploidy forms of Tulipa oculussolis in Israel . Israel Journal of Botany , 21 : 185 – 196 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat HOROVITZ , A. & DULBERGER , R. 1983 . The genetic basis of gender in Silene vulgaris . Heredity , 51 : 371 – 376 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat KROHNE , D. BAKER , I. & BAKER , H. G. 1980 . The maintenance of the gynodioecious breeding system in Plantago lanceolata L . American Midland Naturalist , 103 : 269 – 279 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat KUSHNIR , U. GALIL , J. & FELDMAN , M. 1977 . Cytology and distribution of Ornithogalum in Israel. 1. Section Heliocharmos Bak . Israel Journal of Botany , 26 : 63 – 82 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat LLOYD , D. 1980 . Sexual strategies in plants. I. An hypothesis of serial adjustment of maternal investment during one reproductive session . New Phytologist , 86 : 69 – 79 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat LLOYD , D. G. & WEBB , C. J. 1977 . Secondary sex characters in seed plants . Botanical Review , 43 : 177 – 216 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat MARSDEN-JONES , E. M. & TURRILL , W. B. 1957 . The Bladder Campions . London : Ray Society . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC MELZHEIMER , V. 1975 . Pollensystematische Untersuchungen in der Gattung Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) . Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie , 95 : 215 – 225 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat MELZHEIMER , V. 1977 . Biosystematische Revision einiger Silenenarten (Caryophyllaceae) der Balkan Halbinsel (Griechenland) . Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie , 98 : 1 – 92 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat MELZHEIMER , V. & DAMBOLDT , J. 1973 . Zur Morphologie und Cytologic tetraploider Sippen von Silene vulgaris (Caryophyllaceae) . Willdenowia , 7 : 83 – 100 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat MILLNER , M. 1934 . Anatomy of Silene vulgaris and Silene maritima as related to genetical and ecological problems . New Phytologist , 33 : 77 – 95 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat MORRISSET , P. 1966 . Tetraploid Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke in Europe . Proceedings of the Botanical Society of the British Isles , 6 : 278 – 279 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat ORNDUFF , R. 1970 . Incompatibility and the pollen economy of Jepsonia parryi . American Journal of Botany , 57 : 1037 – 1041 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat SATTLER , R. 1973 . Organogenesis of Flowers . Toronto : University of Toronto Press . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC TURRILL , W. B. 1956 . Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke ssp. macrocarpa Turrill. Hooker's Icones Plantarum , 5th series, 6, tabula 3551, 1 – 3 . London : J. Cramer . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC WILLIAMS , F. N. 1908 . European varieties of Silene inflata . Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier. 2me. série , 8 : 402 – 409 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat This content is only available as a PDF. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society Oxford University Press

Gender polymorphism in flowers of Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (Caryophyllaceae)

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References (36)

Publisher
Oxford University Press
ISSN
0024-4074
eISSN
1095-8339
DOI
10.1111/j.1095-8339.1984.tb01004.x
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Abstract

Abstract Silene vulgaris occurs in Israel as a stolonifcrous tetraploid which forms mostly sexually polymorphic populations. Fully hermaphrodite and fully male-sterile plants are linked by a range of intermediate forms which are gynomonoecious and bear hermaphrodite, male-sterile, and partially male-sterile flowers. Male-sterile flowers differ from hermaphrodite ones by having a narrower calyx, a shorter corolla, a thicker style, and a considerably larger stigmatic area with longer papillae which are more markedly bulbous basally. In individual anthers of hermaphrodite flowers, diameters of stained pollen grains showed a continuous variation from 36 to 80 μm with a modal value of 56. About 30% of pollen was found to be non-stainable. Reduction in male fertility occurs at different levels, from small or inviable pollen grains through abortion of single anthers, abortion of entire androecia, and through different degrees of gynomonoecy to totally male-sterile individuals. The proportion of stainable pollen to ovules in hermaphrodite flowers alone was found to be less than 100. From the data presented, less than a third of all ovules produced in the different kinds of flower develop into seeds. This may reflect an inadequacy of pollen, which the local population of S. vulgaris can tolerate because of its stoloniferous habit. Gender-linked floral polymorphism, gynomonoecy, male sterility, pollen, Silene vulgaris, stigmas REFERENCES AESCHIMANN , D. 1983 . Le Silene vulgaris s. 1. (Caryophyllaceae), évolution vers une mauvaise herbe . Candollea , 38 : 575 – 617 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat AESCHIMANN , D. & BOCQUET , G. 1980 . Les types biologiques du Silene vulgaris s. 1. (Caryophyllaceae) . Candollea , 35 : 451 – 495 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat BAKER , A. J. M. & DALBY , D. M. 1980 . Morphological variation between some isolated populations of Silene maritima within the British Isles with particular reference to inland populations on metalliferous soils . New Phytologist , 84 : 123 – 138 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat BAKER , H. G. 1966 . The evolution of floral heteromorphism and gynodioecism in Silene maritima . Heredity , 21 : 689 – 692 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat BROCKMANN , J. & BOCQUET , G. 1978 . Ökologische Einflusse auf die Geschlechtsverteilung bei Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (Caryophyllaceae) . Berichte der deutschen botanischen Gesellschaft , 91 : 217 – 230 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat CHARLESWORTH , B. & CHARLESWORTH , D. 1978 . A model for the evolution of dioecy and gynodioecy . American Naturalist , 112 : 975 – 997 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat CHARLESWORTH , D. 1981 . A further study of the problem of maintenance of females in gynodioecious species . Heredity , 46 : 27 – 39 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat CROWE , L. K. 1964 . The evolution of outbreeding in plants. I. The angiosperms . Heredity , 19 : 435 – 457 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat CRUDEN , W. C. 1977 . Pollen-ovule ratios: a conservative indicator of breeding systems in flowering plants . Evolution , 31 : 32 – 46 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat FRANKEL , R. & GALUN , E. 1977 . Pollination Mechanisms, Reproduction and Plant Breeding . Berlin : Springer Verlag . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC FRIEDRICH , H. C. 1979 . Silene L. In Hegi G. Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa . 2nd Edition, 3 ( 2 ), Rechinger K. H. (ed.) 1043 – 1153 . Berlin & Hamburg : Paul Parey . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC GROSS , K. L. & SOULE , J. D. 1981 . Differences in biomass allocation to reproductive and vegetative structures of male and female plants of a dioecious, perennial herb, Silene alba (Miller) Krause . American Journal of Botany , 68 : 801 – 807 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat HESLOP-HARRISON , J. 1964 . Sex expression in flowering plants . Brookhaven Symposia in Biology , 16 : 109 – 125 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat HESLOP-HARRISON , J. & HESLOP-HARRISON , Y. 1958 . Photoperiod, auxin and sex balance in a long-day plant . Mature, London , 181 : 100 – 102 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat HOROVITZ , A. GALIL , J. NEVET , J. & IOFE , J. 1972 . Bulb habit and reproduction in different ploidy forms of Tulipa oculussolis in Israel . Israel Journal of Botany , 21 : 185 – 196 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat HOROVITZ , A. & DULBERGER , R. 1983 . The genetic basis of gender in Silene vulgaris . Heredity , 51 : 371 – 376 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat KROHNE , D. BAKER , I. & BAKER , H. G. 1980 . The maintenance of the gynodioecious breeding system in Plantago lanceolata L . American Midland Naturalist , 103 : 269 – 279 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat KUSHNIR , U. GALIL , J. & FELDMAN , M. 1977 . Cytology and distribution of Ornithogalum in Israel. 1. Section Heliocharmos Bak . Israel Journal of Botany , 26 : 63 – 82 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat LLOYD , D. 1980 . Sexual strategies in plants. I. An hypothesis of serial adjustment of maternal investment during one reproductive session . New Phytologist , 86 : 69 – 79 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat LLOYD , D. G. & WEBB , C. J. 1977 . Secondary sex characters in seed plants . Botanical Review , 43 : 177 – 216 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat MARSDEN-JONES , E. M. & TURRILL , W. B. 1957 . The Bladder Campions . London : Ray Society . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC MELZHEIMER , V. 1975 . Pollensystematische Untersuchungen in der Gattung Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) . Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie , 95 : 215 – 225 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat MELZHEIMER , V. 1977 . Biosystematische Revision einiger Silenenarten (Caryophyllaceae) der Balkan Halbinsel (Griechenland) . Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie , 98 : 1 – 92 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat MELZHEIMER , V. & DAMBOLDT , J. 1973 . Zur Morphologie und Cytologic tetraploider Sippen von Silene vulgaris (Caryophyllaceae) . Willdenowia , 7 : 83 – 100 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat MILLNER , M. 1934 . Anatomy of Silene vulgaris and Silene maritima as related to genetical and ecological problems . New Phytologist , 33 : 77 – 95 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat MORRISSET , P. 1966 . Tetraploid Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke in Europe . Proceedings of the Botanical Society of the British Isles , 6 : 278 – 279 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat ORNDUFF , R. 1970 . Incompatibility and the pollen economy of Jepsonia parryi . American Journal of Botany , 57 : 1037 – 1041 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat SATTLER , R. 1973 . Organogenesis of Flowers . Toronto : University of Toronto Press . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC TURRILL , W. B. 1956 . Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke ssp. macrocarpa Turrill. Hooker's Icones Plantarum , 5th series, 6, tabula 3551, 1 – 3 . London : J. Cramer . Google Scholar Google Preview OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat COPAC WILLIAMS , F. N. 1908 . European varieties of Silene inflata . Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier. 2me. série , 8 : 402 – 409 . OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat This content is only available as a PDF.

Journal

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society – Oxford University Press

Published: Sep 1, 1984

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