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Energy‐Dependent Phosphate and Acid Transport for Bone Formation and Resorption

Energy‐Dependent Phosphate and Acid Transport for Bone Formation and Resorption IntroductionAcid transport is required to support hydroxyapatite synthesis by, osteoblasts, and to mediate hydroxyapatite removal in bone repair or remodeling, by osteoclasts. We do an overview of major phosphate‐producing and acid‐producing transporters for bone production or resorption, with brief indication of context and supporting ion transporters. In subsequent sections, linkage of major cotransport support mechanisms, some in part hypothetical, are discussed in more detail.Osteoblasts import phosphate and Ca2+, and form hydroxyapatite mineral, which produces large amounts of acid:16HPO42−+2H2O+10Ca2+↔Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2+8H+ $6\,HP{{O}_{4}}^{2-}+2\,{H}_{2}O+10C{a}^{2+}\leftrightarrow C{a}_{10}{(P{O}_{4})}_{6}{(OH)}_{2}+8\,{H}^{+}$This requires support by major transport processes that are either directly ATP dependent or dependent on active transport secondarily linked to cellular energy metabolism. Active bone cells are highly metabolically active, and autolyze when isolated, so rapidly that investigators viewing sections of bone are not aware of the epithelioid osteoblast surface mediating transport [1].Briefly, mineralized bone matrix production includes import of phosphate by sodium‐phosphate cotransport by the neutral phosphate transporter‐2 (NPT2) [2], supported by the Na+/K+ ATPase. Glucose and other intermediate substrates are imported to support this transport in osteoblasts; in bone formation phosphate from ATP is exported for hydroxyapatite synthesis. The mechanism is not fully established, but activity requires phosphatase/pyrophosphatase activity major mediators being the tissue‐nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (here, http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Wiley

Energy‐Dependent Phosphate and Acid Transport for Bone Formation and Resorption

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Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
© 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
eISSN
1097-4644
DOI
10.1002/jcb.70039
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Abstract

IntroductionAcid transport is required to support hydroxyapatite synthesis by, osteoblasts, and to mediate hydroxyapatite removal in bone repair or remodeling, by osteoclasts. We do an overview of major phosphate‐producing and acid‐producing transporters for bone production or resorption, with brief indication of context and supporting ion transporters. In subsequent sections, linkage of major cotransport support mechanisms, some in part hypothetical, are discussed in more detail.Osteoblasts import phosphate and Ca2+, and form hydroxyapatite mineral, which produces large amounts of acid:16HPO42−+2H2O+10Ca2+↔Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2+8H+ $6\,HP{{O}_{4}}^{2-}+2\,{H}_{2}O+10C{a}^{2+}\leftrightarrow C{a}_{10}{(P{O}_{4})}_{6}{(OH)}_{2}+8\,{H}^{+}$This requires support by major transport processes that are either directly ATP dependent or dependent on active transport secondarily linked to cellular energy metabolism. Active bone cells are highly metabolically active, and autolyze when isolated, so rapidly that investigators viewing sections of bone are not aware of the epithelioid osteoblast surface mediating transport [1].Briefly, mineralized bone matrix production includes import of phosphate by sodium‐phosphate cotransport by the neutral phosphate transporter‐2 (NPT2) [2], supported by the Na+/K+ ATPase. Glucose and other intermediate substrates are imported to support this transport in osteoblasts; in bone formation phosphate from ATP is exported for hydroxyapatite synthesis. The mechanism is not fully established, but activity requires phosphatase/pyrophosphatase activity major mediators being the tissue‐nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (here,

Journal

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry – Wiley

Published: May 1, 2025

Keywords: Bone mineralization; Na+/PO42‐ transport; Osteoblast; Osteoclast; V‐ATPase

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