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Social identity and minimal groups: The effects of interpersonal and intergroup attitudinal similarity on intergroup discrimination

Social identity and minimal groups: The effects of interpersonal and intergroup attitudinal... Two experiments are reported which test Rokeach's belief congruence theory (BCT) against predictions from Tajfel's social identity theory (SIT). It is the basic assumption of BCT that discrimination of out‐group members is caused by perceived attitudinal dissimilarity between in‐group and out‐group members. Since, according to SIT, discrimination serves the function of establishing a positive differentiation between in‐group and out‐group, there should be more discrimination against similar rather than dissimilar out‐groups. In the first of two experiments using the minimal group paradigm, attitudinal similarity was manipulated among individuals. This led to more liking for other similar rather than dissimilar individuals, regardless of group membership. On the other hand, both attitudinal similarity and group membership affected reward distribution among members of in‐group and out‐group: a similar out‐group member was discriminated against compared with a similar in‐group member, but favoured above a dissimilar one. Manipulating intergroup attitudinal similarity instead of interpersonal attitudinal similarity in the second experiment led, with regard to the allocation of rewards between an in‐group and an out‐group member, to even more discrimination against members of the similar rather than of the dissimilar out‐group. Implications of these findings for BCT and SIT are discussed. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png British Journal of Social Psychology Wiley

Social identity and minimal groups: The effects of interpersonal and intergroup attitudinal similarity on intergroup discrimination

Diehl, Michael
British Journal of Social Psychology , Volume 27 (4) – Dec 1, 1988
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Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
1988 The British Psychological Society
ISSN
0144-6665
eISSN
2044-8309
DOI
10.1111/j.2044-8309.1988.tb00833.x
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Two experiments are reported which test Rokeach's belief congruence theory (BCT) against predictions from Tajfel's social identity theory (SIT). It is the basic assumption of BCT that discrimination of out‐group members is caused by perceived attitudinal dissimilarity between in‐group and out‐group members. Since, according to SIT, discrimination serves the function of establishing a positive differentiation between in‐group and out‐group, there should be more discrimination against similar rather than dissimilar out‐groups. In the first of two experiments using the minimal group paradigm, attitudinal similarity was manipulated among individuals. This led to more liking for other similar rather than dissimilar individuals, regardless of group membership. On the other hand, both attitudinal similarity and group membership affected reward distribution among members of in‐group and out‐group: a similar out‐group member was discriminated against compared with a similar in‐group member, but favoured above a dissimilar one. Manipulating intergroup attitudinal similarity instead of interpersonal attitudinal similarity in the second experiment led, with regard to the allocation of rewards between an in‐group and an out‐group member, to even more discrimination against members of the similar rather than of the dissimilar out‐group. Implications of these findings for BCT and SIT are discussed.

Journal

British Journal of Social Psychology – Wiley

Published: Dec 1, 1988

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