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Th9: A New Player in Asthma Pathogenesis?

Th9: A New Player in Asthma Pathogenesis? CD4+ T helper (Th) cells act as important regulators of the mammalian adaptive immune response. CD4+ Th cells were originally characterized as either Th1 or Th2 types, based on the cytokines they produce. Over the past two decades, however, we have attained a much more detailed understanding of CD4+ T-cell differentiation, functions, and gene expression profiles, which led to the identification of additional types, such as the Th17 and induced regulatory T cells. Recently, researchers have characterized yet another novel and distinct population that exists among these immune-modulatory cells. The ‘Th9’ cells were first identified as a Th2 subpopulation that produced exceptionally large quantities of the Th2-specific cytokine interleukin 9. However, experimental analysis revealed that Th9 cells had divergent regulatory capabilities and were critically involved in different immune processes. In particular, we now know that Th9 acts as a major contributor to the onset and progression of allergies, especially asthma. Here, we will review the heterogeneity and biology of CD4+ Th cells and summarize the characteristics known to date of interleukin 9 and Th9 cells to build a framework for better understanding of their roles in disease processes, especially in allergy-induced asthma. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Journal of Asthma Taylor & Francis

Th9: A New Player in Asthma Pathogenesis?

Xing, Junchao; Wu, Yuzhang; Ni, Bing
Journal of Asthma , Volume 48 (2): 11 – Mar 1, 2011
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References (107)

Publisher
Taylor & Francis
Copyright
© 2011 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.
ISSN
1532-4303
eISSN
0277-0903
DOI
10.3109/02770903.2011.554944
pmid
21294663
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

CD4+ T helper (Th) cells act as important regulators of the mammalian adaptive immune response. CD4+ Th cells were originally characterized as either Th1 or Th2 types, based on the cytokines they produce. Over the past two decades, however, we have attained a much more detailed understanding of CD4+ T-cell differentiation, functions, and gene expression profiles, which led to the identification of additional types, such as the Th17 and induced regulatory T cells. Recently, researchers have characterized yet another novel and distinct population that exists among these immune-modulatory cells. The ‘Th9’ cells were first identified as a Th2 subpopulation that produced exceptionally large quantities of the Th2-specific cytokine interleukin 9. However, experimental analysis revealed that Th9 cells had divergent regulatory capabilities and were critically involved in different immune processes. In particular, we now know that Th9 acts as a major contributor to the onset and progression of allergies, especially asthma. Here, we will review the heterogeneity and biology of CD4+ Th cells and summarize the characteristics known to date of interleukin 9 and Th9 cells to build a framework for better understanding of their roles in disease processes, especially in allergy-induced asthma.

Journal

Journal of Asthma – Taylor & Francis

Published: Mar 1, 2011

Keywords: Th9; IL-9; PU.1; allergic asthma; autoimmune diseases

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