S. Hobbs, W. Monsky, F. Yuan, W. Roberts, L. Griffith, V. Torchilin, R. Jain (1998)
Regulation of transport pathways in tumor vessels: role of tumor type and microenvironment.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95 8
Vikash Chauhan, Zoran Popović, Ou Chen, Jian Cui, D. Fukumura, M. Bawendi, R. Jain (2011)
Fluorescent nanorods and nanospheres for real-time in vivo probing of nanoparticle shape-dependent tumor penetration.Angewandte Chemie, 50 48
E. Brown, L. Munn, D. Fukumura, R. Jain (2010)
In vivo imaging of tumors.Cold Spring Harbor protocols, 2010 7
Y. Tsuzuki, C. Carreira, M. Bockhorn, Lei Xu, R. Jain, D. Fukumura (2001)
Pancreas Microenvironment Promotes VEGF Expression and Tumor Growth: Novel Window Models for Pancreatic Tumor Angiogenesis and MicrocirculationLaboratory Investigation, 81
M. Stroh, J. Zimmer, D. Duda, Tatyana Levchenko, K. Cohen, E. Brown, D. Scadden, V. Torchilin, M. Bawendi, D. Fukumura, R. Jain (2005)
Quantum dots spectrally distinguish multiple species within the tumor milieu in vivoNature Medicine, 11
Fan Yuan, Yi Chen, M. Dellian, N. Safabakhsh, N. Ferrara, R. Jain (1996)
Time-dependent vascular regression and permeability changes in established human tumor xenografts induced by an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor antibody.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93 25
D. Fukumura, T. Gohongi, A. Kadambi, Y. Izumi, Jennifer Ang, C. Yun, D. Buerk, Paul Huang, R. Jain (2001)
Predominant role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis and vascular permeabilityProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98
Y. Izumi, Lei Xu, E. Tomaso, D. Fukumura, R. Jain (2002)
Tumour biology: Herceptin acts as an anti-angiogenic cocktailNature, 416
W. Denk, J. Strickler, W. Webb (1990)
Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy.Science, 248 4951
R. Jain, L. Munn, D. Fukumura (2002)
Dissecting tumour pathophysiology using intravital microscopyNature Reviews Cancer, 2
Rakesh Jain, N. Safabakhsh, Axel Sckell, Yi Chen, Ping Jiang, Laura Benjamin, Fan Yuan, Eli Keshet (1998)
Endothelial cell death, angiogenesis, and microvascular function after castration in an androgen-dependent tumor: role of vascular endothelial growth factor.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95 18
S. Kashiwagi, K. Tsukada, Lei Xu, J. Miyazaki, S. Kozin, J. Tyrrell, W. Sessa, L. Gerweck, R. Jain, D. Fukumura (2008)
Perivascular nitric oxide gradients normalize tumor vasculatureNature Medicine, 14
Sung-suk Chae, W. Kamoun, C. Farrar, N. Kirkpatrick, E. Niemeyer, A. Graaf, A. Sorensen, L. Munn, R. Jain, D. Fukumura (2010)
Angiopoietin-2 Interferes with Anti-VEGFR2–Induced Vessel Normalization and Survival Benefit in Mice Bearing GliomasClinical Cancer Research, 16
Ricky Tong, Y. Boucher, S. Kozin, F. Winkler, D. Hicklin, R. Jain (2004)
Vascular Normalization by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Blockade Induces a Pressure Gradient Across the Vasculature and Improves Drug Penetration in TumorsCancer Research, 64
N. Koike, D. Fukumura, O. Gralla, P. Au, J. Schechner, R. Jain (2004)
Tissue engineering: Creation of long-lasting blood vesselsNature, 428
H. Lichtenbeld, Fan Yuan, C. Michel, R. Jain (1996)
Perfusion of Single Tumor Microvessels: Application to Vascular Permeability MeasurementMicrocirculation, 3
F. Yuan, M. Leunig, D. Berk, R. Jain (1993)
Microvascular permeability of albumin, vascular surface area, and vascular volume measured in human adenocarcinoma LS174T using dorsal chamber in SCID mice.Microvascular research, 45 3
Beat Schuler, M. Arras, S. Keller, A. Rettich, C. Lundby, J. Vogel, M. Gassmann (2009)
Optimal hematocrit for maximal exercise performance in acute and chronic erythropoietin-treated miceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107
W. Kamoun, C. Ley, C. Farrar, Annique Duyverman, J. Lahdenranta, D. Lacorre, T. Batchelor, E. Tomaso, D. Duda, L. Munn, D. Fukumura, A. Sorensen, R. Jain (2009)
Edema control by cediranib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-targeted kinase inhibitor, prolongs survival despite persistent brain tumor growth in mice.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 27 15
E. Brown, R. Campbell, Y. Tsuzuki, Lei Xu, P. Carmeliet, D. Fukumura, R. Jain (2001)
In vivo measurement of gene expression, angiogenesis and physiological function in tumors using multiphoton laser scanning microscopyNature Medicine, 7
Zoran Popović, Wenhao Liu, Vikash Chauhan, Jungmin Lee, Cliff Wong, Andrew Greytak, N. Insin, D. Nocera, D. Fukumura, R. Jain, M. Bawendi (2010)
A nanoparticle size series for in vivo fluorescence imaging.Angewandte Chemie, 49 46
R. Jain (2004)
Transport of molecules across tumor vasculatureCancer and Metastasis Reviews, 6
L. Baxter, R. Jain (1989)
Transport of fluid and macromolecules in tumors. I. Role of interstitial pressure and convection.Microvascular research, 37 1
Lei Xu, D. Cochran, Ricky Tong, F. Winkler, S. Kashiwagi, R. Jain, D. Fukumura (2006)
Placenta growth factor overexpression inhibits tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis by depleting vascular endothelial growth factor homodimers in orthotopic mouse models.Cancer research, 66 8
C. Kesler, E. Pereira, Cheryl Cui, Gregory Nelson, David Masuck, J. Baish, T. Padera (2015)
Angiopoietin‐4 increases permeability of blood vessels and promotes lymphatic dilationThe FASEB Journal, 29
Vikash Chauhan, R. Jain (2013)
Strategies for advancing cancer nanomedicine.Nature materials, 12 11
Hee-Sun Han, John Martin, Jungmin Lee, Daniel Harris, D. Fukumura, R. Jain, M. Bawendi (2013)
Spatial charge configuration regulates nanoparticle transport and binding behavior in vivo.Angewandte Chemie, 52 5
L. Gerlowski, R. Jain (1986)
Microvascular permeability of normal and neoplastic tissues.Microvascular research, 31 3
M. Snuderl, Ana Batista, N. Kirkpatrick, C. Almodóvar, L. Riedemann, Elisa Walsh, R. Anolik, Yuhui Huang, John Martin, W. Kamoun, Ellen Knevels, T. Schmidt, C. Farrar, B. Vakoc, N. Mohan, Euiheon Chung, S. Roberge, T. Peterson, C. Bais, Boryana Zhelyazkova, S. Yip, M. Hasselblatt, C. Rossig, E. Niemeyer, N. Ferrara, M. Klagsbrun, D. Duda, D. Fukumura, Lei Xu, P. Carmeliet, R. Jain (2013)
Targeting Placental Growth Factor/Neuropilin 1 Pathway Inhibits Growth and Spread of MedulloblastomaCell, 152
Vikash Chauhan, T. Stylianopoulos, John Martin, Zoran Popović, Ou Chen, W. Kamoun, M. Bawendi, D. Fukumura, R. Jain (2012)
Normalization of tumour blood vessels improves the delivery of nanomedicines in a size-dependent mannerNature nanotechnology, 7
Rekha Samuel, L. Daheron, S. Liao, Trupti Vardam, W. Kamoun, Ana Batista, C. Buecker, R. Schäfer, Xiaoxing Han, P. Au, D. Scadden, D. Duda, D. Fukumura, R. Jain (2013)
Generation of functionally competent and durable engineered blood vessels from human induced pluripotent stem cellsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110
Vikash Chauhan, John Martin, Hao Liu, D. Lacorre, Saloni Jain, S. Kozin, T. Stylianopoulos, A. Mousa, Xiaoxing Han, Pichet Adstamongkonkul, Zoran Popović, Peigen Huang, M. Bawendi, Y. Boucher, R. Jain (2013)
Angiotensin inhibition enhances drug delivery and potentiates chemotherapy by decompressing tumour blood vesselsNature Communications, 4
P. Au, L. Daheron, D. Duda, K. Cohen, J. Tyrrell, Ryan Lanning, D. Fukumura, D. Scadden, R. Jain (2008)
Differential in vivo potential of endothelial progenitor cells from human umbilical cord blood and adult peripheral blood to form functional long-lasting vessels.Blood, 111 3
S. Goel, N. Gupta, B. Walcott, M. Snuderl, C. Kesler, N. Kirkpatrick, Takahiro Heishi, Yuhui Huang, John Martin, E. Ager, Rekha Samuel, Shuhan Wang, Jean-Claude Yazbek, B. Vakoc, R. Peterson, T. Padera, D. Duda, D. Fukumura, R. Jain (2013)
Effects of vascular-endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibition on breast cancer vasculature and metastatic progression.Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 105 16
D. Brizel, B. Klitzman, J. Cook, Jeri Edwards, Gary Rosner, M. Dewhirst (1993)
A comparison of tumor and normal tissue microvascular hematocrits and red cell fluxes in a rat window chamber model.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 25 2
J. Hagendoorn, Ricky Tong, D. Fukumura, Qingcong Lin, Jennifer Lobo, T. Padera, Lei Xu, R. Kucherlapati, R. Jain (2006)
Onset of abnormal blood and lymphatic vessel function and interstitial hypertension in early stages of carcinogenesis.Cancer research, 66 7
[Over the past decades, in vivo vascular permeability measurements have provided significant insight into vascular functions in physiological and pathophysiological conditions such as the response to pro- and anti-angiogenic signaling, abnormality of tumor vasculature and its normalization, and delivery and efficacy of therapeutic agents. Different approaches for vascular permeability measurements have been established. Here, we describe and discuss a conventional 2D imaging method to measure vascular permeability, which was originally documented by Gerlowski and Jain in 1986 (Microvasc Res 31:288–305, 1986) and further developed by Yuan et al. in the early 1990s (Microvasc Res 45:269–289, 1993; Cancer Res 54:352–3356, 1994), and our recently developed 3D imaging method, which advances the approach originally described by Brown et al. in 2001 (Nat Med 7:864–868, 2001).]
Published: Sep 1, 2016
Keywords: Vascular permeability; Intravital fluorescence microscopy; Vascular normalization; Multiphoton microscopy
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