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Article Summaries for April 2017 Psychosomatic Medicine, Volume 79, Issue 3

Article Summaries for April 2017 Psychosomatic Medicine, Volume 79, Issue 3 IN THIS ISSUE Article Summaries for April 2017 Psychosomatic Medicine, Volume 79, Issue 3 of MSIMI from the Mental Stress Ischemia Prognosis Study, which ital exhaustion (VE) has been identified as a potential indepen- is designed to assess vascular, genetic, molecular, and psychoso- dent psychological risk factor for incident and recurrent coronary cial variables. heart disease (CHD). A meta-analysis by Friestad and Prescott re- Pages 311–317; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000442 viewed and quantified its impact on the development and progression Celano et al. examined relationships between psychological con- of (CHD). Thirteen prospective and 3 case-control studies reporting structs (positive and negative) and markers of inflammation, endothe- the association between VE and CHD outcomes were included. VE lial function, and myocardial strain in a cohort of postacute coronary was associated with an increased risk of fatal and nonfatal CHD in syndrome (ACS) patients. Depressive symptoms were associated with healthy populations, and with an increased risk of recurrent events more inflammation, myocardial strain, and endothelial dysfunction in in patients with known CHD. the 6 months after ACS, whereas positive psychological constructs Pages 260–272; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000423 were linked to better endothelial function. In an accompanying editorial, Alan Rozanski and Randy Cohen Pages 318–326; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000404 discuss the findings in the context of other symptoms of negative affect African Americans (AAs) have twice the risk of incident stroke that may combine with tiredness to produce increased cardiovascular compared to white people in the United States. Magnetic resonance disease risk. They emphasize the importance of improving vitality imaging of brain volume is prognostic of stroke, dementia, and mortal- and the need to clarify biobehavioral mechanisms that play a role in ity. Waldstein et al. examined socioeconomic status, race relations, the association between exhaustion and adverse CHD outcomes. and brain volumes in 147 individuals. Low socioeconomic status Pages 256–259; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000452 (SES) was associated with greater white-matter pathology, a risk Depression in medical patients has been associated with higher factor for stroke in AAs. Higher SES was associated with greater total rates of mortality. Martin-Subero et al. evaluated a cohort of 803 brain volume, a global indicator of brain health, in white participants. medical inpatients and followed them up for 16.5 to 18 years. De- Findings may reflect disproportionate stroke risk among AAs and peo- pressive disorders as defined by both Patient Health Questionnaire ple with lower socioeconomic status. (PHQ-9) and clinical interview were independent predictors of mortal- Pages 327–335; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000408 ity, even after adjusting for several confounders. These results suggest Bouwmans et al. examined the bidirectional relationship between that depression plays a significant role in long-term mortality out- sleep and core depressive symptoms in patients with recurrent major comes of medical inpatients. depressive disorder. They identified three groups: the first, with sleep Pages 273–282; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000390 symptoms significantly associated with changes in core symptoms; Psychosocial resources such as mastery and social support predict the second, in which each symptom was only associated with the onset health outcomes, and allostatic load is one potential mechanism. In a of the other symptom and not the remission of the symptoms; and the systematic review, Wiley et al. summarize the evidence for a relation- third, whose symptoms showed relatively separate courses. Results ship between psychosocial resources and allostatic load. Critical gaps suggest that sleep symptoms should be treated alongside core depres- in the literature include (1) inconsistent reporting of results and effect sive symptoms to increase the chance of complete remission. sizes to allow meaningful comparison or meta-analysis and (2) lack of Pages 336–344; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000407 longitudinal designs with resources predicting change in allostatic load. The new diagnostic construct of bodily distress syndrome (BDS) Pages 283–292; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000395 seems to capture most patients with somatoform disorders and func- Study of the psychobiology of the stress response adds to knowl- tional somatic syndromes. From the vantage of primary care, Rask et al. edge of how psychosocial factors contribute to racial and ethnic health explored the long-term outcome of BDS in healthcare costs, work dis- disparities. In a sample of healthy African Americans, Lucas et al. mea- ability, and self-rated health status over two and ten years. Patients with sured the coordination of autonomic, adrenocortical, and inflammatory BDS were found to have higher healthcare costs, more work disability, stress systems in response to acute social stress. An interaction of racial and greater subjective suffering. identity and perceived discrimination were associated with specific pat- Pages 345–357; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000405 terns of the stress response. Pages 293–305; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000406 Adverse psychosocial factors in the workplace, such as low job control and high job demands, are recognized risk factors for common Woody et al. used a psychosocial stressor to test whether stress- induced decreases in vagally mediated, high-frequency heart rate mental disorders. Milner et al. conducted a population-level case con- trol study to assess whether psychosocial job stressors were also risk variability (HF-HRV) predicted increases in circulating markers of in- flammation. Greater stress-induced reductions in HF-HRV predicted factors for suicide. Results suggest that low job control and high job demands were risk factors in suicide by men while not associated with greater increases in levels of inflammation 1 hour later. Evidence to date for the neural reflex of immunity in humans has relied on resting an elevated risk among women. HF-HRVand inflammation. These findings may have implications for Pages 358–364; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000389 vagally mediated treatment of inflammatory diseases. Elsenburg et al. investigated whether an accumulation of adverse Pages 306–310; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000426 life events was related to body mass index (BMI) across adolescence Emotional stress, anger, depressed mood, and other psychological and young adulthood. They found that adverse events during child- states can trigger acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death hood were associated with higher BMI levels in young adults, while in susceptible individuals. Mental stress–induced myocardial ischemia more recent adverse events were related to lower BMI levels in young (MSIMI) is common in patients with coronary artery disease, but studies adults. No associations were found between adverse life events with of its prognostic significance and underlying pathophysiology are BMI in children and adolescents. limited. Hammadah et al. describe the prevalence and correlates Pages 365–373; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000401 Psychosomatic Medicine, V 79 � 255 255 April 2017 Copyright © 2017 by the American Psychosomatic Society. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Psychosomatic Medicine Wolters Kluwer Health

Article Summaries for April 2017 Psychosomatic Medicine, Volume 79, Issue 3

Psychosomatic Medicine , Volume 79 (3) – Jan 1, 2017
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Publisher
Wolters Kluwer Health
Copyright
Copyright © 2017 by the American Psychosomatic Society
ISSN
0033-3174
eISSN
1534-7796
DOI
10.1097/PSY.0000000000000467
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Abstract

IN THIS ISSUE Article Summaries for April 2017 Psychosomatic Medicine, Volume 79, Issue 3 of MSIMI from the Mental Stress Ischemia Prognosis Study, which ital exhaustion (VE) has been identified as a potential indepen- is designed to assess vascular, genetic, molecular, and psychoso- dent psychological risk factor for incident and recurrent coronary cial variables. heart disease (CHD). A meta-analysis by Friestad and Prescott re- Pages 311–317; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000442 viewed and quantified its impact on the development and progression Celano et al. examined relationships between psychological con- of (CHD). Thirteen prospective and 3 case-control studies reporting structs (positive and negative) and markers of inflammation, endothe- the association between VE and CHD outcomes were included. VE lial function, and myocardial strain in a cohort of postacute coronary was associated with an increased risk of fatal and nonfatal CHD in syndrome (ACS) patients. Depressive symptoms were associated with healthy populations, and with an increased risk of recurrent events more inflammation, myocardial strain, and endothelial dysfunction in in patients with known CHD. the 6 months after ACS, whereas positive psychological constructs Pages 260–272; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000423 were linked to better endothelial function. In an accompanying editorial, Alan Rozanski and Randy Cohen Pages 318–326; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000404 discuss the findings in the context of other symptoms of negative affect African Americans (AAs) have twice the risk of incident stroke that may combine with tiredness to produce increased cardiovascular compared to white people in the United States. Magnetic resonance disease risk. They emphasize the importance of improving vitality imaging of brain volume is prognostic of stroke, dementia, and mortal- and the need to clarify biobehavioral mechanisms that play a role in ity. Waldstein et al. examined socioeconomic status, race relations, the association between exhaustion and adverse CHD outcomes. and brain volumes in 147 individuals. Low socioeconomic status Pages 256–259; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000452 (SES) was associated with greater white-matter pathology, a risk Depression in medical patients has been associated with higher factor for stroke in AAs. Higher SES was associated with greater total rates of mortality. Martin-Subero et al. evaluated a cohort of 803 brain volume, a global indicator of brain health, in white participants. medical inpatients and followed them up for 16.5 to 18 years. De- Findings may reflect disproportionate stroke risk among AAs and peo- pressive disorders as defined by both Patient Health Questionnaire ple with lower socioeconomic status. (PHQ-9) and clinical interview were independent predictors of mortal- Pages 327–335; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000408 ity, even after adjusting for several confounders. These results suggest Bouwmans et al. examined the bidirectional relationship between that depression plays a significant role in long-term mortality out- sleep and core depressive symptoms in patients with recurrent major comes of medical inpatients. depressive disorder. They identified three groups: the first, with sleep Pages 273–282; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000390 symptoms significantly associated with changes in core symptoms; Psychosocial resources such as mastery and social support predict the second, in which each symptom was only associated with the onset health outcomes, and allostatic load is one potential mechanism. In a of the other symptom and not the remission of the symptoms; and the systematic review, Wiley et al. summarize the evidence for a relation- third, whose symptoms showed relatively separate courses. Results ship between psychosocial resources and allostatic load. Critical gaps suggest that sleep symptoms should be treated alongside core depres- in the literature include (1) inconsistent reporting of results and effect sive symptoms to increase the chance of complete remission. sizes to allow meaningful comparison or meta-analysis and (2) lack of Pages 336–344; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000407 longitudinal designs with resources predicting change in allostatic load. The new diagnostic construct of bodily distress syndrome (BDS) Pages 283–292; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000395 seems to capture most patients with somatoform disorders and func- Study of the psychobiology of the stress response adds to knowl- tional somatic syndromes. From the vantage of primary care, Rask et al. edge of how psychosocial factors contribute to racial and ethnic health explored the long-term outcome of BDS in healthcare costs, work dis- disparities. In a sample of healthy African Americans, Lucas et al. mea- ability, and self-rated health status over two and ten years. Patients with sured the coordination of autonomic, adrenocortical, and inflammatory BDS were found to have higher healthcare costs, more work disability, stress systems in response to acute social stress. An interaction of racial and greater subjective suffering. identity and perceived discrimination were associated with specific pat- Pages 345–357; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000405 terns of the stress response. Pages 293–305; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000406 Adverse psychosocial factors in the workplace, such as low job control and high job demands, are recognized risk factors for common Woody et al. used a psychosocial stressor to test whether stress- induced decreases in vagally mediated, high-frequency heart rate mental disorders. Milner et al. conducted a population-level case con- trol study to assess whether psychosocial job stressors were also risk variability (HF-HRV) predicted increases in circulating markers of in- flammation. Greater stress-induced reductions in HF-HRV predicted factors for suicide. Results suggest that low job control and high job demands were risk factors in suicide by men while not associated with greater increases in levels of inflammation 1 hour later. Evidence to date for the neural reflex of immunity in humans has relied on resting an elevated risk among women. HF-HRVand inflammation. These findings may have implications for Pages 358–364; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000389 vagally mediated treatment of inflammatory diseases. Elsenburg et al. investigated whether an accumulation of adverse Pages 306–310; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000426 life events was related to body mass index (BMI) across adolescence Emotional stress, anger, depressed mood, and other psychological and young adulthood. They found that adverse events during child- states can trigger acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death hood were associated with higher BMI levels in young adults, while in susceptible individuals. Mental stress–induced myocardial ischemia more recent adverse events were related to lower BMI levels in young (MSIMI) is common in patients with coronary artery disease, but studies adults. No associations were found between adverse life events with of its prognostic significance and underlying pathophysiology are BMI in children and adolescents. limited. Hammadah et al. describe the prevalence and correlates Pages 365–373; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000401 Psychosomatic Medicine, V 79 � 255 255 April 2017 Copyright © 2017 by the American Psychosomatic Society. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.

Journal

Psychosomatic Medicine – Wolters Kluwer Health

Published: Jan 1, 2017

There are no references for this article.