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Latent TGF-β structure and activation

Latent TGF-β structure and activation Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is stored in the extracellular matrix as a latent complex with its prodomain. Activation of TGF-β1 requires the binding of αv integrin to an RGD sequence in the prodomain and exertion of force on this domain, which is held in the extracellular matrix by latent TGF-β binding proteins. Crystals of dimeric porcine proTGF-β1 reveal a ring-shaped complex, a novel fold for the prodomain, and show how the prodomain shields the growth factor from recognition by receptors and alters its conformation. Complex formation between αvβ6 integrin and the prodomain is insufficient for TGF-β1 release. Force-dependent activation requires unfastening of a ‘straitjacket’ that encircles each growth-factor monomer at a position that can be locked by a disulphide bond. Sequences of all 33 TGF-β family members indicate a similar prodomain fold. The structure provides insights into the regulation of a family of growth and differentiation factors of fundamental importance in morphogenesis and homeostasis. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Nature Springer Journals

Latent TGF-β structure and activation

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References (55)

Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © 2011 by Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.
Subject
Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary; Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary; Science, multidisciplinary
ISSN
0028-0836
eISSN
1476-4687
DOI
10.1038/nature10152
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is stored in the extracellular matrix as a latent complex with its prodomain. Activation of TGF-β1 requires the binding of αv integrin to an RGD sequence in the prodomain and exertion of force on this domain, which is held in the extracellular matrix by latent TGF-β binding proteins. Crystals of dimeric porcine proTGF-β1 reveal a ring-shaped complex, a novel fold for the prodomain, and show how the prodomain shields the growth factor from recognition by receptors and alters its conformation. Complex formation between αvβ6 integrin and the prodomain is insufficient for TGF-β1 release. Force-dependent activation requires unfastening of a ‘straitjacket’ that encircles each growth-factor monomer at a position that can be locked by a disulphide bond. Sequences of all 33 TGF-β family members indicate a similar prodomain fold. The structure provides insights into the regulation of a family of growth and differentiation factors of fundamental importance in morphogenesis and homeostasis.

Journal

NatureSpringer Journals

Published: Jun 15, 2011

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