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High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite

High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite Fully exploiting the properties of graphene will require a method for the mass production of this remarkable material. Two main routes are possible: large-scale growth or large-scale exfoliation. Here, we demonstrate graphene dispersions with concentrations up to ∼0.01 mg ml−1, produced by dispersion and exfoliation of graphite in organic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone. This is possible because the energy required to exfoliate graphene is balanced by the solvent–graphene interaction for solvents whose surface energies match that of graphene. We confirm the presence of individual graphene sheets by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Our method results in a monolayer yield of ∼1 wt%, which could potentially be improved to 7–12 wt% with further processing. The absence of defects or oxides is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron, infrared and Raman spectroscopies. We are able to produce semi-transparent conducting films and conducting composites. Solution processing of graphene opens up a range of potential large-area applications, from device and sensor fabrication to liquid-phase chemistry. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Nature Nanotechnology Springer Journals

High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite

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References (69)

Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 by Nature Publishing Group
Subject
Materials Science; Materials Science, general; Nanotechnology; Nanotechnology and Microengineering
ISSN
1748-3387
eISSN
1748-3395
DOI
10.1038/nnano.2008.215
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Fully exploiting the properties of graphene will require a method for the mass production of this remarkable material. Two main routes are possible: large-scale growth or large-scale exfoliation. Here, we demonstrate graphene dispersions with concentrations up to ∼0.01 mg ml−1, produced by dispersion and exfoliation of graphite in organic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone. This is possible because the energy required to exfoliate graphene is balanced by the solvent–graphene interaction for solvents whose surface energies match that of graphene. We confirm the presence of individual graphene sheets by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Our method results in a monolayer yield of ∼1 wt%, which could potentially be improved to 7–12 wt% with further processing. The absence of defects or oxides is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron, infrared and Raman spectroscopies. We are able to produce semi-transparent conducting films and conducting composites. Solution processing of graphene opens up a range of potential large-area applications, from device and sensor fabrication to liquid-phase chemistry.

Journal

Nature Nanotechnology – Springer Journals

Published: Aug 10, 2008

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